ISMRM24 - Psychological & Chronic Brain Trauma

Psychological & Chronic Brain Trauma

Weekday Course

ORGANIZERS: Candace Fleischer, Christin Sander, Wietske van der Zwaag, Leon Janse van Rensburg

Tuesday, 07 May 2024

Summit 1

13:30 - 15:30

Moderators: Lu Lu & Ona Wu

Skill Level: Basic to Advanced

Session Number: Tu-03

CME and CE Credit

Session Number: Tu-03

Overview
This educational course covers short- and long-term (chronic) effects on the brain due to trauma, and the role of MR imaging to diagnose or understand psychological or physiological changes. Covered topics range from imaging childhood trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to the use of neuroimaging with MRI to improve our understanding of brain plasticity in mental health, addiction, and coma.

Target Audience
Clinicians and scientists who are interested in the use of MRI to image the short- and long-term psychological and physiological consequences of trauma and its effects on the brain.

Educational Objectives
As a result of attending this course, participants should be able to:
- Describe the use of MRI in helping to advance diagnosis of psychological and chronic trauma;
- Identify how MRI techniques can be used to image childhood trauma, PTSD, mental health and addiction, and coma; and
- Interpret imaging findings and evaluate new methods for applications in brain trauma.

13:30		Neuroimaging in childhood trauma: Exploring the hidden effects through large-scale MRI Studies View Presentation Video Karen Caeyenberghs Keywords: Neuro: Brain, Neuro: White matter, Neuro: Brain Connectivity Numerous MRI studies have linked behavioral deficits to different properties of brain regions, fibre pathways, and brain networks in children with traumatic brain injury. While promising, these MRI studies have revealed weak to moderate relationships. In this presentation, I will outline new directions associated with the examination of brain-behavior relationships in pediatric TBI: (i) participation in large-scale consortia to obtain larger and more diverse samples; (ii) employ specific brain and behavioral metrics (using advanced models and ecological momentary assessments); (ii) conduct integrated network analyses to examine complex relationships; and (iv) use tools to deal with the large heterogeneity in lesions.
14:00		Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) View Presentation Video Osamu Abe Keywords: Neuro: Brain, Neuro: Brain Connectivity The most robustly identified findings in PTSD include hyperactivation of the amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, hypoactivation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and atrophy of the hippocampus. These brain changes are thought to impair fear learning, threat detection, contextual processing, executive function, and emotional regulation in PTSD. The triple-network model of PTSD proposes that the disorder is characterized by hypoactivation of the default mode network and central executive network and hyperactivation of the salience network (SN). This imbalance is thought to lead to the symptoms of PTSD, such as re-experiencing, avoidance, and negative alterations in mood and cognition.
15:00		Coma View Presentation Video Nadya Pyatigorskaya
15:30		Mild Traumatic Brain Injury View Presentation Video Michael Zeineh Keywords: Neuro: Nervous System, Neuro: Neurodegeneration, Neuro: Brain Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a very common condition with millions occurring annually in the US and worldwide. The majority of mTBI cases have a lack of complete recover 6 months after injury. At the same time, the majority of mTBI have normal conventional imaging. The need for imaging is to detect the abnormalities that underly the long-term cognitive changes, and to detect them at an early stage. This discussion will review multi-modal imaging in mild TBI.