| The Addictive Brain |
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Wednesday 22 April 2009 |
| Room 311 |
10:30-12:30 |
Moderators: |
Dieter Meyerhoff and John D. Port |
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10:30 |
429. |
Altered Resting-State Default
Mode Network Connectivity in Adults Prenatally
Exposed to Alcohol |
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Priya Santhanam1,
Zhihao Li1, Mary Ellen Lynch2,
Claire D. Coles2, Xiaoping Hu1
1Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of
Technology/ Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA;
2Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA, USA |
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As the default mode
network (DMN) has not been previously examined in a
population with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), the
current study examined resting state connectivity in
DMN in two PAE groups versus healthy controls. The
time course seed, used for cross-correlation, was
taken from anterior cingulate region of deactivation
during a cognitive task. Resting state synchrony of
DMN was lower in both PAE groups as compared to
controls (p=0.019 and p=0.027 for dysmorphic and
non-dysmorphic, respectively); however, deactivation
during cognition was not significantly different.
Results imply PAE may be affecting connectivity at
rest (baseline arousal) but not task-related
arousal. |
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10:42 |
430. |
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure
Alters Ventromedial Prefrontal Activity Associated
with Emotion Regulation |
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Zhihao Li1,
Priya Santhanam1, Claire D. Coles2,
Mary Ellen Lynch2, Stephan Hamann3,
Xiaoping Hu1
1Biomedical Engineering, Emory University &
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA;
2Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; 3Psychology,
Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA |
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Prenatal cocaine
exposure (PCE) is associated with arousal
dysregulation but the neurobiological bases have not
been well investigated yet. The present fMRI data
showed that PCE subjects could not increase their
ventromedial prefrontal activation in excerting
emotional suppression, which complemented previous
findings about altered amygdala emotional responses
in PCE subjects. |
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10:54 |
431. |
Greater Than Age-Related Decline in Temporal and
Occipital Cortices of Methamphetamine Users |
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Helenna Nakama1,
Ryan Shimotsu2, Thomas Ernst3,
George Fein2, Linda Chang3
1Department of Psychiatry, University of
Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hi, USA; 2Neurobehavioral
Research, Inc., Honolulu, Hi, USA; 3John
A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at
Manoa, Honolulu, Hi, USA |
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Methamphetamine (METH)
use can lead to brain gray matter deficits. However,
the effect of aging on gray matter volumes has not
been studied. Structural MRI was performed in 44
METH users and 34 controls subjects. METH users had
a 5 to 8-fold greater age-related decline in
temporal and occipital lobe gray matter volumes than
healthy non-drug users. These findings suggest that
METH users may be more vulnerable to age-related
atrophic changes, which might contribute to greater
age-related cognitive decline, including dementia. |
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11:06 |
432. |
Disrupted Midbrain-Thalamus
Functional Connectivity in Cocaine Abusers |
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Dardo Tomasi1,
Nora D. Volkow2, Ruiliang L. Wang1,
Jean H. Carrillo1,3, Thomas Maloney1,
Nelly Alia-Klein1, Patricia A. Woicik1,
Frank Telang1, Rita Z. Goldstein1
1Medical Department, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA; 2National
Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute on
Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; 3Department of
Computer Science, SUNY , Stony Brook, NY, USA |
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Chronic cocaine use
decreases brain dopamine activity. However the
functional effects of this disruption are largely
unknown. We used fMRI and seed-voxel correlation
analyses to study brain activation to a
cognitive-emotional (drug Stroop-like; DS) task and
the functional connectivity (fcMRI) between midbrain
and forebrain. Cocaine abusers had lower DS
activation in the thalamus and lower fcMRI between
the thalamus and midbrain than controls,
consistently with dopaminergic neuroadaptations
resulting from repeated cocaine use. These findings
suggest that lower subcortical recruitment and
larger cortical recruitment is mediated by abnormal
fcMRI of catecholamine (dopamine and noradrenaline)
pathways in cocaine abusers. |
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11:18 |
433. |
Acute Ethanol Alters GABA and
MyoInositol in Human Brain |
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Graeme F. Mason1,
June Watzl2, Stuart Weinzimer3,
Gerard Sanacora, Elizabeth Guidone, Ismene L.
Petrakis, Douglas L. Rothman4, John H.
Krystal
1Diagnostic Radiology and Psychiatry,
Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA; 2Diagnostic Radiology, Yale
University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;
3Pediatrics, Yale University, School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; 4Diagnostic
Radiology & Biomedical Engineering, Yale University,
School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA |
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Ethanol is known to
potentiate GABA receptors and inhibit glutamate
receptors in the brain. We hypothesized that ethanol
would alter brain GABA and possibly glutamate levels
in a time-dependent manner. Intravenous infusions of
ethanol were performed during J-edited MRS
measurements of GABA and other compounds in the
occipital lobe. GABA and myoinositol were reduced
significantly during the infusion, glutamate rose
transiently and returned to starting levels, and no
changes were seen in tissue water, total creatine,
choline, or other metabolites. Brain ethanol closely
tracked the breath alcohol, while venous ethanol
lagged. |
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11:30 |
434. |
Glutamate Alterations in
Alcohol Dependent Patients During Early
Detoxification |
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Gabriele Ende1,
Nuran Tunc-Skarka1, Wolfgang Weber-Fahr1,
Mareen Hoerst1, Matthias Ruf1,
Monika Uhrig1, Derik Hermann2,
Karl Mann2
1Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental
Health, Mannheim, Germany; 2Department of
Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central
Institute of Mental Health |
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The purpose of this
study is to determine whether there are significant
changes in glutamate concentrations in the anterior
cingulate gyrus and frontal white matter in alcohol
dependent patients during early detoxification in
comparison to healthy controls and whether these
changes parallel deficits in NAA and tCho
concentrations. Alcoholic patients during early
detoxification show reduced levels of Glu in fWM in
addition to reduced tNAA and tCho. A rather weak
correlation of Glu values acquired at TE = 30 and TE
=80 ms gives rise to the suspicion that the
separation of Glu from Gln and GABA is not reliable. |
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11:42 |
435. |
Negative Correlation Between
Medial Frontal Activity During Inhibitory Control
and Impulsiveness in Abstinent Heroin Dependents: An
FMRI Study |
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Li-ping FU1,2,
Zhi-tong ZOU3, Shi-jiang LI4,
Guo-hua BI1, Yan WANG3, En-mao
YE1, Lin MA3, Zheng Yang1
1Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Science,
Beijing, China; 2Radiology, Peking
University Shougang Hospital , Beijing, China;
3Radiology, General Hospital of People's
Liberation Army of China; 4Biophysics,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA |
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Impulsiveness is a
hallmark of addiction. In this study, we combined
the neurobiological method (fMRI) and laboratory
performance (BIS-11) to explore the rapid-response
impulsivity in abstinent heroin dependents. A
significant negative correlation between the
non-planning score of BIS-11 and the activation of
bilateral cingulated cortex (CC) and medial frontal
gyrus (mFG) was detected, which indicates that the
CC and mFG may be the most sensitive brain areas to
the neurotoxicity of heroin and the lack of
self-control and intolerance of cognitive complexity
reflected by the high BIS-scores contributes, at
least partly, to the persistent neural dysfunction. |
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11:54 |
436. |
[1-13C] Acetate MRS to Study
Glial Glutamate Dysfunction in Methamphetamine Users |
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Napapon Sailasuta1,
Kent Harris1, Osama Abulseoud2,
Brian Ross1
1HMRI, Pasadena, CA, USA; 2U of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA |
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13C MRS studies of glial
glutamate metabolism in abstinent methaphetamine
users via C1-acetate infusion. |
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12:06 |
437. |
Brain Reactivity to
Smoking-Related Cues During Tobacco Abstinence: An
FMRI Study |
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Amy C. Janes1,
Blaise deB Frederick1, Sarah Richardt1,
Caitlin Burbridge1, Emilio Merlo-Pich2,
Perry F. Renshaw1, A. Eden Evins3,
Maurizio Fava3, Marc J. Kaufman1
1Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital,
Belmont, MA, USA; 2Psychiatry-CEDD,
GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy; 3Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA |
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Nicotine replacement
therapies (NRT) reduce smoking withdrawal symptoms
but not cue-induced craving. We used blood oxygen
level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) to
characterize brain responses to smoking-related cues
prior to and during NRT-maintained abstinence. BOLD
response patterns were comparable to previously
reported findings in smoking-cue fMRI studies but
anatomical distributions differed based on smoking
status. Nigrostriatal activation was greater in
smokers in the abstinent versus pre-abstinent state.
Since in abstinence, this circuit participates in
drug seeking reinstatement, our findings suggest
that treatments that modulate nigrostriatal activity
may reduce cue-induced brain activations and
craving, and may improve smoking cessation outcomes. |
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12:18 |
438. |
Live Brain MRI Detection of
Glia Activation by Psychostimulant Exposure |
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Christina H. Liu1,
Jia Q. Ren, Pradeep G. Bhide2, Philip K.
Liu3
1Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Charlestown, MA, USA; 2Neurology,
Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; 3Radiology,
Massachusetts General Hospital, USA |
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Electrophysiological
data from cell cultures or brain slice preparations
show that an important component of drug abuse is
the interaction that occurs between glia and
neurons. While most addiction research has focused
on the molecular adaptation of neurons, our
understanding in glial response to psychostimulants
at the transcriptional level is very limited. Here
we report an MR imaging technique that allows us to
identify vulnerable brain regions to glia activation
after acute or chronic exposure to amphetamine in
live animals. This technique will facilitate and
broaden our understanding on molecular processes at
transcription level that attribute to drug
addiction. |
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