| Human Neurodegenerative Disorders |
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Thursday 23 April 2009 |
| Room 311 |
16:00-18:00 |
Moderators: |
Caroline A. Sage and Claudia A. M. Wheeler-Kingshott |
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16:00 |
729. |
Differential Diagnosis of
Neurodegenerative Dementias Using Structural MRI |
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Prashanthi Vemuri1,
Kejal Kantarci1, Matthew L. Senjem1,
Jeffrey L. Gunter1, Jennifer L. Whitwell1,
Keith A. Josephs1, David S. Knopman1,
Bradley F. Boeve1, Ronald C. Peterson1,
Clifford R. Jack Jr. 1
1Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,
USA |
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We have developed a
framework where antemortem structural MRI scans of
pathologically confirmed “pure” cases of each
dementia can be used to train an algorithm to
recognize the structural abnormalities related to
the specific dementia disease process. This
knowledge can then be applied to provide
differential diagnosis of dementia prospectively for
unique individual patients based on the analysis of
the subject’s structural MRI scan. The proposed
system can also be used to determine the relative
contribution of several different dementia disease
processes underlying the clinical presentation of
dementia in an individual subject. |
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16:12 |
730. |
Brain Alternations in
Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: A
Multimodal MRI Analysis |
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Yu Zhang1,2,
Norbert Schuff1,2, Christopher Ching1,2,
Duygu Tosun1,2, Marzieh Nezamzadeh1,2,
Wang Zhan1,2, Howard J. Rosen3,
Joel H. Kramer3, Maria Luisa
Gorno-Tempini3, Bruce L. Miller3,
Michael W. Weiner1,2
1CIND, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA,
USA; 2Radiology, UC San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA; 3Neurology, UC San
Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA |
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We report initial
attempts of utilizing structural, perfusion and
diffusion MRI together toward a comprehensive
analysis of brain alterations in Alzheimer’s disease
(AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We found
that gray matter damage, reflected by cortical
atrophy and hypoperfusion, dominated the alterations
in AD, whereas damage to gray matter and white
matter, as measured by diffusion MRI, characterized
FTD. These tissue specific patterns may shine a
light on the differential pathologies underlying AD
and FTD. They may also aid a differential diagnosis
between the diseases and emphasize the benefit of
multimodality MRI. |
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16:24 |
731. |
Diffusivity Changes Are
Predominantly Proportional Along All Axes with Early
Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease |
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Julio
Acosta-Cabronero1, Guy B. Williams1,
George Pengas1, Peter J. Nestor1
1Department of Clinical Neurosciences,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire,
UK |
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Diffusion tensor imaging
has become a major research focus in
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s
disease (AD). Most studies have concentrated on
fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions. Using
tract-based spatial statistics, we found that
increases in axial, radial and mean diffusivity in
AD were concordant and far more sensitive than FA
reductions. The former three measures identified
largely confluent white matter abnormalities in
parahippocampal gyrus and posterior cingulum,
extending laterally into adjacent temporoparietal
regions as well as splenium and fornix. This study
offers a very plausible and comprehensive view of
the landscape of white-matter tract degeneration in
early-stage AD. |
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16:36 |
732. |
Comparing APOE
Subgroups in Alzheimer's Disease Using Structural
and Diffusion MRI |
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Nicola Filippini1,2,
Achim Gass3, Andreas U. Monsch4,
Anil Rao5, Brandon Whitcher5,
Paul M. Matthews5, Stephen Smith1
1Oxford University FMRIB Centre, Oxford, Oxon,
UK; 2Dept. Psychiatry, Oxford University,
UK; 3Depts. Neurology and Neuroradiology,
University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; 4Memory
Clinic Basel, Switzerland; 5GlaxoSmithKline,
Clinical Imaging Centre, London, UK |
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The APOE4 allele is
considered the strongest genetic risk factor for
sporadic early and late onset Alzheimer’s disease.
While the association between grey matter changes
and the presence of APOE4 has been fairly well
studied, little is known about the effect of APOE4
on white matter in AD. To better define specific
influences on neurodegenerative processes played by
APOE4, we studied grey matter and white matter
changes in a group of AD patients, finding
meaningful, consistent differences from both
structural and diffusion imaging of the 3 relevant
APOE subgroups. |
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16:48 |
733. |
Aricept® Treatment Enhances
Hippocampal Connectivity in Subjects with Mild
Alzheimer’s Disease |
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Wenjun Li1,
Chunming Xie1,2, Zhilin Wu1,
Jennifer Jones3, Piero Antuono3,
Thomas McRae4, Shi-Jiang Li1,5
1Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, WI, USA; 2Neurology, School of
Clinical Medicine, Southeaset University, Nanjing,
Jiang Su, China; 3Neurology, Medical
College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; 4Pfizer,
Inc.; 5Psychiatry, Medical College of
Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA |
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Cholinergic inhibitor (Aricept®)
has proven to be successful in improving the
cognitive function of adults with Alzheimer’s
disease (AD). We hypothesize that since the cortical
and hippocampal areas receive major cholinergic
input from the basal forebrain nuclei, treatment
with Aricept® can improve the cholinergic activity
of AD; it will improve connectivity of the
hippocampus network. |
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17:00 |
734. |
Cerebrovascular Reactivity as
a Novel Marker in Assessing Vascular Dysfunction in
Alzheimer’s Disease |
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Uma Yezhuvath1,
Jinsoo Uh1, Yamei Cheng1,
Kristin Martin-Cook2, Myron Weiner2,
Matthias van Osch3, Hanzhang Lu1
1Advanced Imaging Research Center, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,
USA; 2Alzheimer’s Disease Center,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX, USA; 3Department of
Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden,
Netherlands |
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Hypercapnic BOLD (5% CO2
breathing) and baseline PCASL scans were carried out
in AD patients and elderly normal controls to obtain
whole brain distributions of cerebrovascular
reactivity (CVR) and cerebral blood flow (CBF),
respectively. AD patients revealed an anterior
distribution for CVR deficits along with a posterior
distribution of CBF deficits. Regions of CBF
deficits did not have any underlying CVR deficits.
BOLD functional MRI shows great potential as a
marker of dynamic vessel reactivity as compared to
CBF measurements that reflect neuronal metabolic
changes. |
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17:12 |
735. |
Amplitude of Low Frequency
Fluctuation of BOLD Signal and Resting-State
Functional Connectivity Analysis of Brains of
Parkinson's Disease |
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Qin Chen1,
Su Lui2, Shu-Shan Zhang1,
He-Han Tang2, Jian-Gang Wang3,
Xiao-Qi Huang2, Qi-Yong Gong2,
Dong Zhou1, Hui-Fang Shang1
1Department of Neurology, West China Hospital
of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
2Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)£Department
of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; 3Department
of Rheumatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
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Previous studies
revealed that PD is associated with abnormal
activity in spatially distributed neural systems by
PET or SPECT. The present study aims to apply
resting state fMRI to examine both regional cerebral
function and functional integration in patients with
PD. Eleven right handed PD patients and ten healthy
controls were recruited in this study. Amplitude of
low-frequency (0.01¨C0.8 Hz) fluctuations (ALFF) of
the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal
and functional connectivity based on a seed-voxel
correlation approach was used to investigate the
brain function alteration and correlation with UPDRS-III
scores. |
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17:24 |
736. |
Tract-Based Spatial Statistics
(TBSS) Study in Parkinson’s Disease Identifies Focal
Microstructural Abnormality |
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Martyn Ezra1,
V Gontu2, Maryam Abaei1, Paul
S. Morgan1, Nin Bajaj2,
Dorothee P. Auer1
1Academic Radiology, University of Nottingham,
Nottingham, UK; 2Neurology, Derby Royal
Infirmary, Derby, UK |
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This study aimed to
investigate microstructural abnormalities in
Patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PwPD). Tract
Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) analysis was
performed on Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data for
26 PwPD and 16 matched controls. We demonstrated
focal reduction in Fractional Anisotrophy in the
Postural Instability Gait Difficulty (PIGD) subgroup
in the left temporo-parietal white matter (WM).
Posthoc region of interest (ROI) analysis confirmed
a subgroup concordance. Location & subgroup
concordance point towards an association with
cognitive symptoms in PwPD. |
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17:36 |
737. |
Exploratory 7T MRS in
Huntington’s Disease Gene Carriers |
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Wouter Teeuwisse1,
Eve M. Dumas2, Simon J. van den Bogaard2,
Hermien E. Kan1, Raymund A. Roos2,
Mark A. van Buchem1, Jeroen van der Grond1
1Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, Netherlands; 2Neurology, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands |
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Huntington’s Disease
(HD) is a hereditary genetic disease which presents
clinically with motor, cognitive and behavioural
symptoms. Single voxel MRS (STEAM, TR/TE/TM =
2000/19/25 ms) was performed in frontal lobe,
hypothalamus, thalamus, caudate nucleus (CN) and
putamen in 8 gene carriers and 11 healthy controls
on a Philips 7 Tesla Achiva system. In CN, patients
with Huntington’s disease showed decreased NAA
concentration and NAA/Cre ratio. Also, Choline
levels in thalamus and mI/Cre ratio in the
hypothalamus were elevated in patients. No
significant differences between patients and
controls were found for metabolite concentrations or
metabolite/Cre ratios in putamen and frontal lobe. |
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17:48 |
738. |
Quantification of
Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Using DTI and Iron Mapping |
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Christian Langkammer1,
Christian Enzinger1, Stefan Quasthoff1,
Paula Grafenauer1, Michaela Soellinger1,
Franz Fazekas1, Stefan Ropele1
1Department of Neurology, Medical University
of Graz, Graz, Austria |
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The study sought to
better characterise disease related brain tissue
changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using
tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) and regional
analyses both on DTI and R2* data. The latter served
to quantify iron deposition in deep gray and white
matter, focussing on changes along the corticospinal
tract. R2* measurements appeared to be more
sensitive over DTI in detecting tissue
abnormalities. |
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