Emma Bluemke¹, Daniel Bulte¹, Ambre Bertrand¹, Ben George², Rosie Cooke², Kwun-Ye Chu³, Lisa Durrant², Vicky Goh⁴, Clare Jacobs², Stasya Ng⁵, Victoria Strauss⁶, Maria Hawkins³, and Rebecca Muirhead^2
1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, ²Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom, ³Radiotherapy Department, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom, ⁴Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, United Kingdom, ⁵Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁶Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Early identification of patients in need of radiotherapy treatment intensification would allow tailored radiotherapy dose. We hypothesize that patients with poor vascularity or hypoxia will correlate with these patients, and T1 changes from oxygen-enhanced MRI could provide indications of tumour perfusion. We acquired T1-maps before and after 8-10 fractions of radiotherapy and examined whether the oxygen-enhanced MRI response relates to clinical outcome. There was a significant increase in tumour T1 across patients following chemoradiotherapy (p<0.001). Before chemoradiotherapy, OE-MRI showed no significant changes in tumour T1, however after receiving chemoradiotherapy, OE-MRI showed a significant decrease in tumour T1 (p<0.001).

Esha Baidya Kayal¹, Devasenathipathy Kandasamy², Kedar Khare³, Sameer Bakhshi⁴, Raju Sharma², and Amit Mehndiratta^1,5
1Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India, ²Radio Diagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India, ³Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India, ⁴Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital (IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India, ⁵Department of Biomedical engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Monitoring treatment response during chemotherapy might help in better and personalized therapeutic options improving overall therapeutic outcome. RECIST1.1 is the standard imaging based non-invasive treatment response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. Quantitative Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters and their histogram analysis were performed in Osteosarcoma in characterizing chemotherapy response with respect to RECIST1.1 criteria. IVIM parameters and its histogram analysis revealed clinically useful information in characterizing chemotherapy response in Osteosarcoma.

tianyuan zhang¹, nan li¹, xianyue quan¹, yuan wang¹, and xinquan chen^1
1Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

This study selected 48 HCC patients admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to June 2019, and divided them into 34 HCC patients in the MVI negative group and 14 HCC patients in the MVI positive group according to the postoperative pathological results. And then the round area of ROI was used to measure the lesion on the IVIM image. Finally, the diagnostic value of D, D*, f and ADC to MVI was analyzed by statistical software. The results showed that IVIM-DWI was helpful in evaluating the MVI of HCC, and D value had the best diagnostic efficacy.

Anum K Syed¹, Chengyue Wu¹, Angela M Jarrett¹, Anna G Sorace², John M Virostko¹, and Thomas E Yankeelov^1
1University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States, ²University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States

We investigate multiparametric analysis of DW- and DCE-MRI data to identify tumor subregions indicative of response in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). The analysis showed significant increases in low vascular perfusion, low cellularity subregions early in the course of NAT for patients who achieved pathological complete response and significant decreases in high vascular perfusion, high cellularity subregions on the border with parenchyma. High-dimensional analysis of multimodal MRI data can be utilized to identify subregions of response within patients and these characterizations of intratumoral heterogeneity can potentially be used to guide therapy for improved patient outcome.

Carlota M. Santos¹, Andreia C. Freitas¹, João S. Periquito², Paula R. Delgado², Thoralf Niendorf², Andreas Pohlmann², and Rita G. Nunes^1
1ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico – Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, ²Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany

Parametric mapping of T₂* and T₂ can be used to evaluate renal blood oxygenation. Efficient T₂ mapping can be performed using a multi spin-echo sequence and fitting the pixel-wise signal with a monoexponential model although known to introduce T₂ bias, or by matching it to  pre-computed Echo Modulation Curves, accounting for all echo pathways. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed using a numerical kidney phantom to evaluate accuracy and precision of both approaches under the influence of noise. The results demonstrated an improved T₂ accuracy using the EMC method compared to monoexponential fits and low dependence on tissue-type.

Jin Zhang¹, Karl Kiser¹, Ayesha Bharadwaj Das¹, Chongda Zhang¹, and Sungheon Gene Kim^1
1New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States

Cellular-interstitial water exchange rate is an important property of tumor, potentially associated with tumor aggressiveness and treatment response. It is not trivial to measure the water exchange rate, not to mention the challenges in measuring it at a high spatial resolution. In this study, we use the 3D-UTE-GRASP method¹ to generate water exchange rate maps and compare them with those measured using diffusion time-dependent diffusion kurtosis imaging².

Jing Zhou^1,2, Hongna Tan^1,2, and Meiyun Wang^1,2
1Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou City, China, ²Imaging Diagnosis of Neurological Diseases and Research Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou City, China

Breast cancer is one most common cancer in female worldwide. Ki-67 index is an significant biomarker whose expression status is closely related with response to chemotherapy and the disease prognosis in patients with breast cancer. This study retrospectively investigated the relationship between DCE-MRI features and Ki-67 status in breast carcinoma. The results indicated the type of washout TIC and heterogeneous type of reinforcement is more common in high Ki-67 status in patients with breast cancer. The DCE-MRI imaging features can non-invasively assess Ki-67 status in breast carcinoma before surgery.

Xi Lin¹, Kai-Lun Cheng², Hsueh-Ju Lu³, Ying-Hsiang Chou^1,4, Yeu-Sheng Tyan^1,2, and Ping-Huei Tsai^1,2
1Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ²Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ³Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ⁴Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. While quantified ADC value has been demonstrated to reveal information on the tumor microstructure, the capbility of predicting treatment response is still controversial. This study aim to assess the ability of whole-volume histogram analysis of water diffusion to predict response to induction chemotherapy in patients with HNSCC using multishot readout-segmented MRI. Our findings indicate that the ΔminADC and ΔADC25 values, could be potential biomarkers for predicting early response to induction chemotherapy in patients with HNSCC, which may facilitate the determination of further therapeutic strategy.

Yawen Wang¹, Zhu Wang¹, Ruobing Wang¹, Dong Qu¹, Qinglei Shi², and Peihua Wu^1
1Department of Imaging Diagnosis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, ²Diagnostic Imaging, Siemens Healthcare Ltd, Beijing, China

This study evaluated the effects of chemical shift fat saturation (FS), Dixon and BLADE techniques to image quality in high-resolution imaging of esophageal cancer using a two-dimensional turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence. After quantitative and subjective quality comparing, TSE-T2WI-CS got higher image quality than T2WI Dixon and T2WI BLADE sequences, which demonstrated certain advantages in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer, while T2WI Dixon and T2WI BLADE sequences also has some advantages respectively.  

Andres Arias Lorza¹, Harshan Ravi¹, Rohit Philip², Jean-Philippe Galons², Theodore Trouard², Nestor Parra¹, William Read³, Raoul Tibes⁴, Ronald Korn⁵, and Natarajan Raghunand^1
1Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States, ²University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, ³Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States, ⁴Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, ⁵Imaging Endpoints, Scottsdale, AZ, United States

Diffusion and DCE-MRI were performed at baseline and 2-3 days following Crolibulin (EPC2407) treatment in a phase 1 clinical study of this vascular disrupting agent (VDA). Several functional parameter maps were computed and co-registered across scan dates in 11 subjects with advanced solid tumors. We measured changes in these MRI parameters that indicate cell swelling and vascular reduction following treatment. We identified multivariate combinations of changes in these MRI parameters that are correlated with the dose, AUC and Cmax of Crolibulin, respectively, information that can guide Crolibulin dosing in clinical trials of this VDA in combination with cytotoxic drugs.

Jin Li¹, Emma L. Reeves¹, Jessica K.R. Boult¹, Craig Cummings¹, Jeffrey C. Bamber¹, Ralph Sinkus², Yann Jamin¹, and Simon P. Robinson^1
1Division of Radiotherapy & Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom, ²Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King’s Health Partners, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom

MRE-derived shear stiffness |G*| of orthotopic pancreatic tumours was sensitive to a heterogeneous treatment response induced by the vascular disrupting agent ZD6126.

Rami Mustapha¹, Omar Darwish², Peter Gordon¹, Diana Cash³, Camilla Simmons³, Ralph Sinkus^2,4, and Tony Ng^1,5
1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ²Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ³Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁴Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, UMR1148,, INSERM-University Paris Diderot, Paris, France, ⁵UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom

There is an unmet need in cancer treatment for a non-invasive technique capable of identifying drug resistance very early in the therapeutic cycle. Our team has found that tumoral tissue changes its physical aspect as a response to therapeutic stress and that MRE can detect such changes by probing tissue biomechanics. Using a chemotherapy resistant pre-clinical model, we showed that tumors solidify as a resistance mechanism. Changes in the biomechanics were then correlated with changes Collagen and Hyaluronic acid depositions, both of which can affect the immune response.

Daniel Fovargue¹, Jack Lee¹, Marco Fiorito¹, Adela Capilnasiu¹, Siri Flogstad Svensson², Kyrre Eeg Emblem², Philippe Garteiser³, Aime Pacifique Manzi³, Gwenael Page³, Valerie Vilgrain⁴, Bernard Van-Beers³, Sweta Sethi⁵, Ayse Sila Dokumaci¹, Stefan Hoelzl¹, Jurgen Henk Runge^1,6, Jose de Arcos¹, Keshthra Satchithananda⁷, David Nordsletten^1,8, Arnie Purushotham⁷, and Ralph Sinkus^1,3
1School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ²Department for Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, ³INSERM, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France, ⁴Department of Radiology, Hopital Universitaire Beaujon, Clichy, France, ⁵Department of Research Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, ⁶Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ⁷Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁸Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

Both interstitial fluid pressure and solid pressure of tumours have been shown to correlate with decreased efficacy of treatment and potentially with poorer prognosis. This increased fluid and solid pressure causes tumours to push on surrounding tissue, leading to changes in tissue stiffness due to nonlinear effects. A previously presented method relates the magnitude of these changes, as measured by MR elastography, to pressure using a nonlinear biomechanical model. Here, this method is extended for use on both preliminary liver and brain data which show correlation between reconstructed pressure and invasion and tumour type, respectively.

Weijing Zhang¹, Huiming Liu², Nian Lu¹, Yanlin Zhu¹, Long Qian³, Weiyin Liu³, Tie-bao Meng¹, and Chuanmiao Xie^2
1Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, ²Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, ³MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China

Our study aims to develop and evaluate an examination using Synthesis MRI based T1, T2, and proton density (PD) mapping for multiparametric characterization of prostate cancer. T1, T2 and PD mapping exhibited excellent differential diagnosis of normal prostate, prostatitis and Prostate cancer (PCa) and discrimination performance was better than ADC. T1, T2 and PD mapping of synthetic quantitative MRI seem to be a potential method in PCa detection. It may aid prostate biopsy by means of guiding and controlling localized therapy delivery. This preliminary study showed that synthetic MRI has a potential in the detection and characterization of PCa.  

Elisa Roccia¹, Radhouene Neji^1,2, Meghana Kulkarni³, Thomas Benkert⁴, James Stirling³, Sami Jeljeli³, Berthold Kiefer⁴, Gary Cook³, Vicky Goh³, and Isabel Dregely^1
1Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ²Siemens Healthcare Limited, Frimley, United Kingdom, ³Cancer Imaging Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁴Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany

In this work we aim to show the clinical feasibility of quantitative 3D T₂ mapping for tissue characterization and with the potential for prostate cancer detection. We implemented a 3D T₂-prepared multi-shot gradient echo sequence and a dictionary matching approach for quantitative T₂ analysis. We tested it in three biopsy-proven prostate cancer patients who underwent a simultaneous ¹⁸F-Choline PET/MR scan. Quantitative T₂ matched literature values and we observed reduced T₂ in lesions compared to normal peripheral zone tissue even in only moderately differentiated cancers (Gleason 3+4). Lesion location matched uptake of simultaneously acquired ¹⁸F-Choline PET.

Rui-Jia Sun¹, Lin Wang¹, Xiao-Ting Li¹, Qiao-Yuan Lu¹, Xiao-Yan Zhang¹, and Ying-Shi Sun^1
1Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China

Baseline MRI detected lateral lymph node was associated with poor prognosis in patients with pN0 low risk rectal cancer. For patients with MR detected lateral lymph node of a short axis at least 8mm, the present clinical strategies may be unlikely sufficient.
 

Sujeet Kumar Mewar¹, Sanjay Sharma², Sanjay Thulka³, Ekta Dhamijia³, Pradeep Kumar¹, Sridhar Panaiyadiyan⁴, Rama Jayasundar¹, S. Senthil Kumaran¹, S. Datta Gupta⁵, N.R. Jagannathan⁶, Rajeev Kumar⁴, and Virendra kumar^1
1Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Ansari nagar, India, ²Department of Radio-diagnosis, RPC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Ansari nagar, India, ³Department of Radio-diagnosis, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Ansari nagar, India, ⁴Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Ansari nagar, India, ⁵Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Ansari nagar, India, ⁶Present address.Department of Radiology, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

The results of the study showed that mpMRI guided in-bore biopsy has the potential to increase the detection rate of PCa. Prebiopsy mpMRI of prostate was used for identification of  suspicious areas of malignancy which were targeted for PCa detection and reducing unnecessary biopsies. The detection rate was compared with TRUS guided 12 core biopsy. The data also indicated that using prebiopsy mpMRI may also help to reduce unnecessary biopsies. The PCa detection rate of in-bore mpMRI targeted biopsy was 53.84 % compared  to 37.27% for TRUS guided biopsy.

Jinghua Wang^1,2, Kim M Cecil¹, Mary Gaskill-shipley^1,2, Lili He^3,4, Bin Zhang⁵, Michael Lamba⁶, Lily Wang¹, and Achala Vagal^1
1Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, ²Brain Tumor Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, ³Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, ⁴The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, ⁵Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, ⁶Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States

There is broad agreement that increased tumor-tissue contrast significantly improves tumor visibility. It is not yet clear whether increasing spatial resolution will improve tumor-tissue contrast. In this study, we found that the increasing spatial resolution can significantly increase tumor-tissue contrast when tumor size is comparable to the spatial resolution, but provides an invariant contrast when tumor size is much larger than the spatial resolution.

Jenny Chen¹, Mari Hagiwara¹, Artem Mikheev¹, Henry Rusinek¹, Jean Logan¹, Elcin Zan¹, and Sungheon Gene Kim^1
1Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States

Detecting malignant lymph nodes in the neck remains a challenge such that most patients still have to consider aggressive treatment including nodal dissection. In this study, we used positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET), dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) to assess head and neck cancer cases and consider the feasibility of using all three imaging methods in synergy to assess the regional lymph nodes.

Georgios Imseeh^1,2, Sharon L Giles³, Ian Rivens⁴, Alexandra Taylor², Gail ter Haar⁴, Erica Scurr³, and Nandita M deSouza^1,3
1Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, ²Clinical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, ³MRI Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, United Kingdom, ⁴Therapy Ultrasound, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom

MR guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound in 10 patients with symptomatic recurrent gynecological tumors treated for pain palliation resulted in higher temperatures in shallower extra-pelvic tumors compared to intra-pelvic ones (62.9±11.7^oC vs. 49.4±2.8^oC over median 16 sec sonication) despite lower energy delivery in them (39.1±23.6 kJ vs. 72.1±24.3 kJ). In 3 of 5 extra-pelvic tumors,  an increase in the non-perfused tumor volume immediately after treatment was seen, indicating edema. At Day 30, 5 patients met the criteria of pain response, 3 with extra-pelvic tumors and 2 with intra-pelvic tumors.

Lian Jian¹, Weiyin Vivian Liu², Xiaohuang Yang ¹, and Xiaoping Yu^1
1Radiology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hunan, China, ²MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijin, China

The dural tail sign is often the pathological presence of meningiomas and recently reckoned as a response to vascular congestion and edema. Zero echo time (ZTE) imaging is capable of capturing signal of tissues with relatively short T2* such as pia mater right after onset of the radiofrequency pulse. The significant enhanced rim of meningioma on ecZTE showed the meningioma were supplied by both intracranial and extracranial arteries. Contrast-enhanced ZTE might be listed as a routine imaging sequence to improve accuracy of discriminating the tumor-cortex-dura interface and offer additional clinical information such as vascular growth and supply in meningiomas. 

Jesus Pacheco-Torres¹, Tariq Shah¹, William Nathaniel Brennen², Flonne Wildes¹, and Zaver M Bhujwalla^1,2,3
1Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ²Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ³Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States

Fibroblasts play a pivotal role in cancer progression.  In prostate cancer, fibroblasts have been shown to induce growth, confer castration-resistance, and increase metastatic potential.  To further understand how fibroblasts respond to hypoxic  tumor microenvironments that are frequently observed in prostate cancer, here we have characterized the effects of hypoxia on normal prostate fibroblast metabolites as detected by high resolution ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy.  We found that hypoxia induced metabolic changes in normal prostate fibroblasts that mimicked the metabolites detected in prostate cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), highlighting the potential role of hypoxia in the transition of normal fibroblasts to CAFs.

Jingjing Gao¹, Min Du¹, Shaodong Li¹, Kai Xu¹, and Zhongshuai Zhang^2
1Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Xuzhou, China, ²SIEMENS Healthcare, Shanghai,China, Shanghai, China

 This study evaluated the diagnostic sensitivities and confidence for monitoring the progression of brain metastases using brain auto-positioning and manually positioning methods. We found that automatic slice positioning do help in finding lesions by comparing initial imaging side-by-side, but the technique does not sacrifice the diagnostic sensitivity and the diagnostic confidence when comparing with the conventional manually positioning method for brain tumor. 

Ruobing Wang¹, Zhu Wang¹, Yawen Wang¹, Dong Qu¹, Qinglei Shi², and Peihua Wu^1
1National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, ²MR Scientific Marketing, Diagnostic Imaging, Siemens Healthcare Ltd, Beijing, China

This study evaluated the length of esophageal cancer lesions after neoadjuvant treatment with MR and thin-layer CT scanning using the length of gross specimens as the gold standard. MR sequence included T2WI and contrast-enhanced StarVibe (DCE StarVibe). In this study, two readers measured the length of esophageal cancer lesions on T2WI,  DCE StarVibe and CT images. It was found that contrast-enhanced Starvibe and thin-slice CT can be used to measure the lenth of esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant treatment.

Fang fang Fu¹, Cuiyun Chen¹, Yan Bai¹, Qiuyu Liu¹, Kaiyu Wang², and Meiyun Wang^1
1Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, ²Department of MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100000, China., Beijing, China

The extragonadal endodermal sac tumor (EEST) is an extremely rare malignant germ cell tumor and has a poor prognosis. Therefore, familiarity of the radiological characteristics of EESTs could help preoperative diagnosis and improve surgical management of patients. In this study, we investigate CT and MRI characteristics of 25 patients with EESTs correlated with pathological results, for better understanding and cognition in the diagnosis of EEST. Finally, we found that imaging features coupled with clinical data and the serum AFP check are helpful for the diagnosis of EEST and could improve the accuracy of the preoperative diagnosis. 

Fuminori Hyodo¹, Shinichi Shoda¹, Tomoko Nakaji², Hinako Eto³, Tatsuya Naganuma², Norikazu Koyasu¹, Masaharu Murata³, and Masayuki Matsuo^1
1Gifu University, Gifu, Japan, ²Japan Redox Inc., Fukuoka, Japan, ³Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Malignant melanoma is one of the most progressive tumors in humans with increasing incidence worldwide. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-MRI is a noninvasive imaging method to obtain the spatio-temporal information of free radicals. If endogenous free radicals in melanin pigment could be utilized as a bio-probe for DNP-MRI, this will be an advantage for the specific enhancement of melanoma tissues. We report that biological melanin pigment induced a in vivo DNP effect by interacting with water molecules. In addition, we demonstrated in vivo melanoma imaging based on the DNP effects of endogenous free radicals in the melanin pigment of living mice.

Ivo Maatman¹, Didi de Gouw², John Hermans¹, Kai Tobias Block³, Marnix Maas¹, and Tom Scheenen^1
1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands, ²Department of Surgery, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands, ³Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States

Clinical imaging techniques are unable to outline metastatic spread of esophageal cancer to nearby lymph nodes. This deficiency is predominantly due to significant motion in the upper abdomen. We radially acquired MRI data with a contrast agent of USPIO nanoparticles to image the lymph nodes of an esophageal cancer patient. After retrospective gating the data into motion phases we created images with a compressed sensing reconstruction. We also acquired traditional multi-gradient echo sequences in breath-hold and apnea. The radially acquired, compressed sensing reconstructed and motion-gated images appear of similar diagnostic quality to those obtained with traditional modalities.

Hai-Feng Liu¹, Yong-Sheng Xu², Qing Wang¹, Ji-Lei Zhang³, and Wei Xing^1
1Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, changzhou, China, ²First Hospital of Lanzhou University, lanzhou, China, ³Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China, shanghai, China

In this study, we sought to investigate the value of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI in diagnosing residual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluating regional hepatic function injury after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI is a sensitive imaging in diagnosing residual HCCs, especially for the imaging feature of arterial enhancement and DWI hyperintensity, and SNR value measured on HBP can be used as a valuable index to assess regional hepatic function injury after TACE.

Zhen Guan¹ and Ying shi Sun^1
1Beijing cancer hospital, Beijing, China

Our study enrolled four possible predictive imaging parameters of the pTRG and establised the magnetic resonance imaging tumor response score for the theraputic evaluation and prognosis prediction of LARC. The objective and semi-quantitative mrTRS was established for the first time in this study, which is an independent factor of overall survival, distant metastasis and local recurrence. 

Nan Wang¹, Qingwei Song¹, Renwang Pu¹, Mingli Gao¹, Lihua Chen¹, Jiazheng Wang², Zhiwei Shen², Liangjie Lin², and Ailian Liu^1
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China

Amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) imaging has been proved of great value in diagnoses of brain tumors, and has attracted increased interest for evaluation of abdomen diseases. Different regions of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are associated with different pathophysiological changes. The APTw-MRI was employed in this study to evaluate the protein and polypeptide molecular levels in different regions of HCC, and a significant difference was observed between APT values measured in the center of HCC and outside the tumor.    

Chuanli Cheng¹, Qian Wan¹, Yangzi Qiao¹, Min Pan², Changjun Tie¹, Hairong Zheng¹, Xin Liu¹, and Chao Zou^1
1Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, ²Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a special adipose tissue which burns fat and dissipates energy in heat. As a result, heat production capacity of BAT is considered to represent its activity directly. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed magnetic resonance fat-referenced PRFS method on BAT in vivo in rat after activated by Norepinephrine. The preliminary results show the PRFS based thermometry can describe the temperature change in activated BAT accurately, implying that magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT) is a useful tool to characterize the BAT activity.