Figure 3: Results of free-breathing TURBINE-MRE from a healthy volunteer. The animation shows the magnitude, x-, y-, z- components of curl wave information, and stiffness maps at 5 respiratory states. The contours on the wave images and stiffness map delineate the boundaries of the liver and other organs. (High definition movie can be found at https://youtu.be/yw9yOhGvAi8 )

Figure 2: Respiratory motion estimation from k-space data. (a) Flow chart for respiratory motion estimation. (b) TURBINE k-space trajectory. The center Kz lines (dashed line) from all EPI blades were taken out for motion estimation. (c) Mzt: 1D z-projection of whole imaging volume along time. PC: The largest principal component of Mzt. PCbc block-wise baseline-corrected PC. Each colored ribbon marks a MRE direction as a block. The respiratory motion (blue) was estimated from all channels using a coil clustering method and was consistent with the respiratory bellows signal (orange).