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Improvements in neuropsychological functioning and recoveries in brain structures and functions in inactive professional fighters
Xiaowei Zhuang1,2, Lauren Bennett3, Virendra Mishra1, Zhengshi Yang1,2, Karthik Sreenivasan1,2, Aaron Ritter1, Charles Bernick1,4, and Dietmar Cordes1,2,5
1Lou Ruvo Center For Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, United States, 2University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States, 3Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, CA, United States, 4UW Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States, 5University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Improvements in cognitive performances, structural thickness measures and related functional connectivity measures are evident after fighters transitioned to an inactive status. 
Fig. 3. Changing trajectories of seed-based functional connection measures with interaction effect at p<0.01 with left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (A), right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (B) and right rostral middle frontal regions (C) as seeds. * indicates significance after FDR correction. (D). Functional connections with interaction effect at p<0.01 with the trends of inactive fighters demonstrating recovery whereas active fighter showing decline or no change across two time points.
Fig.1. CNS Vital Signs test scores. (A). Changing trajectories along time for inactive fighters (blue) and active fighters (red). (B). Fixed effects (p-values) in linear mixed effect model. * indicates significance after FDR correction.