Catherine Emata*1, Eryn Kwon*2,3, Maryam Tayebi3, Leo Dang2,4, Adam Donaldson5, Vickie Shim3, Allen Champagne6, Itamar Terem7,8, Alan Wang2,3,4, David Dubowitz 2,9,10, Sarah-Jane Guild11, Miriam Scadeng 2,4,10, and Samantha Holdsworth2,4
1University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 2Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 3Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 4Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 5Mechatronics Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 6Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada, 7Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 8Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 9Centre for Advanced MRI, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 10Center for functional MRI, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States, 11Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
1University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 2Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 3Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 4Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 5Mechatronics Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 6Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada, 7Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 8Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 9Centre for Advanced MRI, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 10Center for functional MRI, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States, 11Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Following an impact, dMRI showed changes in diffusion at different locations, 4D flow showed an increase in blood velocity and a change in the profile of blood flow to the brain in the carotid arteries, while aMRI visualised increased parenchymal micro-displacements within the brain.
Video 1: (Link: https://youtu.be/QznHb3jMKeo) aMRI of a sheep pre and post a mild traumatic brain injury, showing increased brain motion post-injury. aMRI data were acquired with a cine bSSFP sequence, with a FOV of 23cm2, matrix size = 194 x 240, TR/TE/flip-angle = 35ms/1.7ms/43°, voxel size = 1.2 mm3, 20 cardiac phases, scan time = 2:04 minutes.
Figure 4: The blood velocity vector field in the sheep intracranial carotid arteries pre and post a mild traumatic brain injury. The blood velocity vectors were increased after the impact delivery. The cine 4D flow datasets were acquired with peripheral pulse gating with imaging parameters as follows: FOV = 35 cm2, matrix size = 168 x 208, venc = 80 cm/s, 60 slices, pixel size = 1mm x 1mm, slice thickness = 1.5 mm, scan time = 4:58 minutes.