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A Marriage of Subspace Modeling with Deep Learning to Enable High-Resolution Dynamic Deuterium MR Spectroscopic Imaging
Yudu Li1,2, Yibo Zhao1,2, Rong Guo1,2, Tao Wang3, Yi Zhang3, Mathew Chrostek4, Walter C. Low4, Xiao-Hong Zhu3, Wei Chen3, and Zhi-Pei Liang1,2
1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, 2Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, 3Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 4Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
This work presents a machine learning-based method for high-resolution dynamic deuterium MR spectroscopic imaging. Experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining spatially resolved metabolic changes at an unprecedented resolution (~10 μL spatial, 105 sec temporal).
Figure 4. High-resolution dynamic DMRSI results of rat brain tumors. (a)-(b): Results obtained by the Fourier-based and proposed imaging scheme, including time-dependent concentration maps (left panel), metabolic time courses (middle panel), and time evolution of 2H-spectra (right panel); here, the metabolic time courses and spectra are from voxels at the center of the red and yellow circles within tumor and normal appearing tissues. (c): Differences in the dynamic changes of deuterated Lac (left panel) and Glx (right panel) between tumor and normal-appearing tissues.
Figure 3. In vivo DMRSI results from one healthy rat brain, obtained by (a) conventional Fourier-based imaging scheme, and (b) the proposed imaging scheme. On the left panels are concentration maps of deuterated Glc and Glx at five different time points after the infusion of deuterated glucose; in the middle panels are time courses of deuterated Glc, Glx and Lac at two representative voxels at the center of the red and yellow circles located at the right- and left-hemispheric cortex, respectively; on the right panel is the time evolution of 2H-spectra at the same voxels.