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Experimental validation of simulated implant heating induced by switched gradient fields
Rüdiger Brühl1, Thomas Schwenteck1, Bernd Ittermann1, Fabio Baruffaldi2, Alessandro Arduino3, Umberto Zanovello3, Luca Zilberti3, Mario Chiampi3, and Oriano Bottauscio3
1Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany, 2IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy, 3Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, Italy
The heating of bulky metallic implants due to switching MR gradients can be simulated. Numerical simulations are compared with experiments and show a difference of about 8 % in temperature rise. 

Fig 2a: Experimental heating rate of a knee implant #3 at $$$t=0, x=0, y=0$$$ and various $$$z$$$ positions in a clinically relevant orientation. The signal of the central sensor 1 is shown in blue, the lateral in red.

Fig 2b: An axial view of the knee implant with two NTC sensors mounted in sockets that are glued on the implant.

Fig 1a: Comparison of experimental (solid) and simulated (dashed) eddy-current heating of hip implant #1 at scanner coordinates $$$z=-300 \text{ mm}, y=-50 \text{ mm}, x=-145 \text{ mm}$$$. Central sensor in blue, sensors located on the rim in red and green. The EPI sequence was applied from $$$t=0 \text{ to } 20 \text{ s}$$$. The main eddy current circulates along the rim with its large cross section to the vector field $$$dB/dt$$$ of the read gradient z.

Fig 1b: Simulated temperature rise distribution at $$$t=20 \text{ s}$$$. The arrows indicate the sensor positions.