Echo planar Phase Contrast can quantify CSF flows in acceptable conditions without cardiac or respiratory gating.
Even if physiological breathing modulate only the CSF flows signals by around 10%, the cardiac power is the main force able to change the direction of the flow during cardiac cycle.
CSF flows continously acquired by EPI PC at the spinal level.
Base on the respiratory signal, EPI PC signal can be post processed. CSF flow dynamic is reconstructed along cardiac cyle during inspiration (red) and expiration (blue) periods. CSF flows oscillate around the zero line during each crdiac cycle.