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The perfusion deficits in general cognitive, executive, and visual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease measured by arterial spin labeling MRI
Dilek Betul Arslan1, Hakan Ibrahim Gurvit2, Ozan Genc1, Sevim Cengiz1, Ani Kicik3,4, Kardelen Eryurek4,5, Emel Erdogdu4,6, Zerrin Yildirim2, Zeynep Tufekcioglu2, Aziz Mufit Ulug1,7, Basar Bilgic2, Hasmet Hanagasi2, Tamer Demiralp4,8, and Esin Ozturk-Isik1
1Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Institution, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, 3Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey, 4Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Center, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, 5Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, 6Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Isik University, Istanbul, Turkey, 7CorTechs Labs, San Diego, CA, United States, 8Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
Hypoperfusion pattern related to cognitive and executive dysfunction was found in Parkinson's disease in line with  measured by Arterial Spin Labeling MRI
Figure 1. Regions of significant CBF decreases of LP compared to HP in all of the participants according to general cognitive and executive domain scores. The color bars represent t values. R: Right, L: Left.

Table 1. Regions of CBF differences between two groups defined based on composite z-scores in general cognitive domain and executive domain within the entire subject group.

* The composite z-scores are the average of the z-converted raw scores of ACE-R, MMSE and MOCA. Median of the composite z-scores: - 1.22.

** The composite z-scores are the average of the z-converted raw scores of WCST percentage of perseverative responses score and Stroop interference duration score. Median of the composite z-scores: 0.56.