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A novel MRI phantom to study the fluid dynamics of the glymphatic system: a proof-of-concept study
Endre Grøvik1,2, Elisabeth Lysvik1, Robin Bugge1, Kyrre Emblem1, Trine Hjørnevik1, Svein-Are Vatnehol1, and Tryggve Storås1
1Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, 2University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
We have developed an MRI glymphatic flow phantom with regions that mimics CFS-filled perivascular and vascular spaces. This facilitates testing of MRI flow sequences in a controlled environment for optimization of scans to allow accurate measurements of glymphatic flow in the human brain.  
Schematic illustration of the ultra-slow flow phantom mimicking CFS-filled PVSs (a), and the experimental setup (b).
Visualization of flow in the simulated perivascular space with two different flow rates: approx. 65 µm/s (a) and approx. 130 µm/s. The images were acquired using a DWI TSE sequence and without pulsatile flow in the simulated vascular space (inner tube).