Xuanyu Zhu¹, Yang Gao¹, Feng Liu¹, ‪Stuart Crozier‬¹, and Hongfu Sun^1
1University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Background field removal (BFR) is a critical step in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Eliminating the background field in brains containing high susceptibility sources, such as intracranial hemorrhages, is challenging due to the relatively large scale of the local field induced from these sources. This study proposed a new deep learning-based method, "BFRnet", and compared it with several conventional BFR methods in processing two simulated and two in vivo brain datasets. The BFRnet method was effective in background field removal for acquisitions of arbitrary orientations and performed significantly better than other methods in the regions with high susceptibility sources.

Jinli Ding¹, Liangjie Lin², and Jiazheng Wang^2
1Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China

Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), acquiring both magnitude and phase information for tissues using a 3D gradient-recalled echo sequence, is advantageous to detect microhemorrhages and microvasculature and useful in diagnosing small vessel diseases etc., but can be suffering from the long acquisition time. This study evaluated the effectiveness of brain SWI accelerated by compressed SENSE (CS-SENSE), and the CS-SENSE factor 4 is recommended in routine practice. Besides, the CS-SENSE factor 10 maybe a fast surrogate for distinguishing CMBs but sacrificing SN-RN visualizations.

BingYang Bian¹, Lei Zhang¹, Yueluan Jiang², ZeChen Yu³, Zhuo Wang¹, and HongChao Wang^1
1The first hospital of Jilin University, changchun, China, ²MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Beijing, China, ³MR CS APP, Siemens Healthineers Digital Technology Co., Harbin, China

MPRAGE, MP2RAGE and QSM can clearly visualize the Hb compared to conventional T1WI. Due to its higher CNR, MP2RAGE and QSM could be considered for structural imaging in Hb morphology study. 

Jieyu Wang¹, Junghun Cho², Chen Zhang³, Yi Wang², and Bing Yu^4
1the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China, ²Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States, ³MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers, Beijing, China, ⁴Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

With aging, the brain undergoes comprehensive changes in its function and physiology, including oxygen consumption metabolism. In this study of healthy aging from 24-69, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) mapping was generated using QSM and quantitative BOLD (QSM+qBOLD, QQ) processing of challenge-free 3D multi-echo gradient echo (mGRE). OEF values were found to increase with age only in specific gray matter brain regions (mainly in SomMot and SalVentAttn functional networks) and to decrease with age only in specific white matter brain regions (mainly Callosum ,cingulate,superior frontal blade).

Sunita Gudwani^1,2, Manju Mehta³, Rajesh Sagar⁴, Madhuri Behari^5,6, Vaishna Narang⁷, Sadanad Sadanad Dwivedi⁸, N.R. Jagannathan², and S.Senthil Kumaran^9
1Dept. of NeuroRehab, speech therapy and audiology, Escorts Heart Institute and Research Center, New Delhi, India, ²Former Dept. of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, ³Former Dept. of Psychiatry (Psychology Unit), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, ⁴Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, ⁵Dept. of Neurology, Fortis Hospital, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India, ⁶Former Dept. of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, ⁷Former Dept. of Linguistics, School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, ⁸Dept. of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, ⁹Dept. of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex spectrum and continuum of cognitive deficits leading to academic and emotional life-long burden, so optimal remediation becomes essential and challenging. Pre- and post- functional imaging studies show the recovery changes in brain with rehabilitation, but can fMRI biomarkers be explored and utilized for customizing therapeutic strategies in dyslexia. In present study at baseline we randomly allocated dyslexic children to therapy (Rx) and waitlist (nonRx) groups. Based on the potential (positive and negative) neural-markers at baseline, we tailored cognitive modules for phonological intervention. Remediation resulted in improved performance and cortical normalization

Junko Kikuta¹, Koji Kamagata¹, Toshiaki Taoka², Kaito Takabayashi¹, Wataru Uchida¹, Akihiko Wada¹, Kaito Kawamura³, Chihiro Akiba⁴, Madoka Nakajima³, Masakazu Miyajima⁴, Shinji Naganawa⁵, and Shigeki Aoki^1
1Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, ²Department of Innovative Biomedical Visualization, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, ³Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, ⁴Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Koto-ku, Japan, ⁵Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a condition resulting from impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption and excretion that is characterized by a triad of symptoms comprising cognitive decline, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. By improving CSF turnover through shunt surgery, symptoms of iNPH can become less severe. However, many mysterious points still exist in the mechanism of CSF dynamics in patients with iNPH. We examined alterations in ALPS index and choroid plexus volume after lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) surgeries in patients with iNPH. Our results showed improvements in ALPS index and choroid plexus volume in these patients after LPS.

Satoshi Yatsushiro^1,2, Anju Satou³, Mitsunori Matsumae⁴, Hideki Atsumi⁴, Tomohiko Horie⁵, and Kagayaki Kuroda^1,3
1Human and Information Science, Tokai university, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan, ²BioView, Inc., Tokyo, Japan, ³Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokai university, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan, ⁴Neurosurgery, Tokai university, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan, ⁵Radiological Technology, Tokai university hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan

To visualize cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) flows, in this study, q-space imaging (QSI) based on 3-dimensional stimulated echo and echo planar imaging (3D STE-EPI) was performed for mouse brain. QSI can measure velocity of flow as µm/s order. The preliminary results showed the CSF and ISF flows in the mouse brain. In addition, the technique seemed to exhibit the CSF/ISF flows along the corpus callosum of the mouse brain. In the future, QSI with STE-EPI may quantitatively reveal the CSF and ISF flows in human brain.

Sihui Zhao¹, Yanting Liu¹, Yanan Gao¹, bing Yu², Mikkelsen Mark³, Hui Steve³, Edden A.E Richard³, and Chen Zhang^4
1China Medical University, Shenyang, China, ²Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China, ³Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁴MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers, Beijing, China

The aim of our study is to explore the relationship between GABA levels of medial prefrontal cortex （mPFC）and the topological characters of cerebral EEG functional connectivity network in young adults during sleep using Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of Mega-Edited Spectroscopy (HERMES) method.  Synchronous EEG-MRS data were acquired from 37 young adults.  GABA+ level in mPFC and the global topological characters of the EEG functional connectivity network were calculated. The results demonstrated a significant negative correlation between global efficiency of EEG functional connectivity network in delta bandand and GABA+ levels in mPFC during N2 sleep stage.

Xinchun Li¹, Peng Wang¹, Qi Wan¹, Yihao Guo², Jianfeng Hu¹, Yu Peng¹, Xiaoying Xia¹, Jieqiong Liu¹, Xiaobin Xie¹, and Mengzhu Wang^3
1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, ²MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Guangzhou, China, ³MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers, Guangzhou, China

In the current study, we assessed the possible alterations of iron accumulation in the brain of patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). We found that there was increased iron accumulation in the bilateral hippocampus for patients with OSA, compared to controls. And the QSM value of the bilateral hippocampus was related to the course of disease in patients with OSA. The QSM values of the right hippocampus were correlated with multiple clinical indicators and may therefore be used as potential biomarkers to further understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of moderate to severe OSA.

Wenwen Li¹, Huaying Cai², Linhui Ni², Guocan Han², Zhiyong Zhao¹, and Dan Wu^1
1Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, ²Department of radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

This study aimed to investigate alterations of cortical network in post-stroke dementia (PSD) patients with subcortical lesions using a surface-based morphometry analysis. We calculated nine cortical morphometric metrics and constructed the structural covariate network for each participant. Comparisons between groups showed that PSD and post-stroke nondemented (PSND) groups both displayed an increased local efficiency and a similar global efficiency compared with the normal controls group, and the cortical network in three groups all remained a small-world property. Moreover, we found PSD-specific decreases in gray matter volume and surface area in lateral occipital cortex and middle temporal gyrus.

Zhenzhen Shi¹, Cong Ning¹, Chang Zhai¹, Dan Tong¹, Yi Zhu², and Ke Jiang^2
1Radiology, The First Hospital Of Jilin University, Changchun, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China

Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is more sensitive than T2* gradient echo MRI in detecting intracranial hemorrhage, but its acquisition time is too long. The purpose of this study is to prospectively assess the clinical feasibility of Compressed SENSE Artificial Intelligence (CS-AI) SWI by comparing it with SENSE SWI and Compressed SENSE (CS) SWI. The results suggested that the CS-AI SWI with an acceleration factor 8 was able to reduce the acquisition time of SWI by 74.58% while maintaining the image quality and accuracy of the diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage, except for the diagnosis of cerebral microbleeds.

hongwei zhou¹, kexin zhao¹, derui kong¹, chong zheng¹, yueluan jiang², and xiaoye wang^3
1the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China, ²MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers, Bei Jing, China, ³MR Clinical Marketing, Siemens Healthineers Ltd, Bei Jing, China

4D flow MRI provides detailed insight into the alterations of hemodynamic，including quantitative assessment of flow parameters for the venous system. This technique overcomes the missing hemodynamic information of standard magnetic resonance imaging and the invasive disadvantage of digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Through data visualization and quantification, the particle tracking map is obtained and the peak velocities, wall shear stress (WSS) is calculated. The dynamics of venous sinus stenosis will change especially in severe area.

linkun cai¹, haijun niu¹, pengling ren², yawen liu¹, tingting zhang², jing li², hao wang², wei zheng³, hongxia yin², and zhenchang wang^1
1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China, ²Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China, ³Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Dobutamine stress testing is a very widely used tool in cardiological investigation. However, little is known about the effect of dobutamine on adult ocular blood flow with clinical dosage. In this study, we infused dobutamine in human subjects and examined the effects of dobutamine on ocular blood flow using 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling(3D-pcASL). Dobutamine infusion significantly increased the ocular blood flow. And the heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were the main factors affecting the ocular blood flow.

Yuhan Jiang¹, Yangyingqiu Liu², Bingbing Gao², Qingwei Song², and Yanwei Miao^2
1Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, ²the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) imaging is a novel molecular imaging technique to acquire the proton exchanged signals from the amide in proteins or peptides to water. Previous studies discovered lateralization in the brain structure and function, including the subcortical gray matter nucleus. However, it is not clear whether APTw also has lateral advantage. In this study, we applied the automatic brain segmentation method to quantify the APTw signal values of subcortical gray matter nucleus in young healthy subjects. The increased APTw signals were present in the right side of the subcortical gray matter nucleus，which may suppose related with right-handedness.