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Carlo Golini¹, Claudia Testa¹, Anastasiia Nagmutdinova², Villiam Bortolotti², and Leonardo Brizi^1
1Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy, ²Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40134 Bologna, Italy

Keywords: Cartilage, Relaxometry, Single-sided NMR

In the last decade, few preliminary low-field relaxometry studies were conducted on the articular cartilage using the single-sided NMR-MOUSE device that can be useful for osteoarthritis characterization. This study aims to develop a procedure capable of quantitatively evaluating the structure of the three cartilage layers.

Forty osteochondral cylindrical bovine knee specimens were analyzed obtaining four NMR parameters T₁, T₂, D, and α (extracted from a Double-Quantum-like sequence for solid/liquid estimation) for each cartilage layer.

Significant discrimination of the three layers was found by all the parameters, making the NMR dataset sensitive to structural differences and changes due to cartilage diseases.

Weiyin Vivian Liu¹, Yufan Gao², and Yunfei Zha^2
1GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, ²Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

Keywords: Cartilage, Cartilage

Rhinoplasty is a reversible surgery; MRI became a non-invasive post-surgery tracking approach to assess the influence of implant-compressed on nasal cartilage such as mechanical stress, cellular organization and tissue degeneration, etc. Widely-used T2 mapping in musculoskeletal imaging such as knee, shoulder and pelvics takes long acquisition time and thus deters clinical utility. With greater number of multi-channel coils and parallel imaging techniques, scan time shortens but noise enhances. With the additional deep-learning reconstruction, T2 mapping with parallel imaging was stable with small RMS CV% = 0.077% to parallel imaging only image data sets.

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Natasha M. Bzowey¹, Marianne S. Black², Lumeng Cui³, Chelsey S. Thorson¹, Madeline M. Martel¹, and Emily J. McWalter^1
1Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, ²Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, ³Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Burnaby, BC, Canada

Keywords: Cartilage, Joints

The aim of this work was to identify focal changes in T2 relaxation times inside and outside regions of tibiofemoral contact in loaded cadaver knee articular cartilage whole, superficial, and deep layers. We used a cluster analysis approach to identify regions of change in T2 relaxation time. We found that 1) decreases in T2 relaxation time with load appeared predominantly inside of the femoral and tibial cartilage contact areas, and 2) greater decreases in T2 within the tibial and femoral cartilage contact area were observed in the superficial layer of cartilage.

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Hanqi Wang¹, Qing Li², Stefan Sommer^3,4,5, and Yong Lu^1
1Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, ²MR Collaborations, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, China, Shanghai, China, ³Siemens Healthineers International AG, Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁴Swiss Center for Musculoskeletal Imaging (SCMI), Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁵Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (ACIT), Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland

Keywords: Cartilage, Cartilage

UTE technique was utilized to quantitatively assess calcified cartilage (CC) and uncalcified cartilage (UC). T2* values of UC in patella, medial tibia and lateral femur positively moderately correlated with body weight, while T2* values of CC showed no significant correlation. T2* values of UC showed no significant correlation with BMI, while T2* values of CC in medial femur and lateral tibia showed negatively strong and positively moderate correlation, respectively. T2* values of CC and UC showed no significant correlation with physical activity level. The mechanical loading effect performs different between CC and UC, indicating their different bio-mechanical properties.

yufan Gao¹, yunfei zha¹, and Weiyin Vivian Liu^2
1renmin hospital of wuhan university, wuhan, China, ²GE Healthcare, MR Research China, beijing, China

Keywords: Cartilage, Cartilage

In this study, a comparative study of the original images (T1WI, T2WI) and ARDL images based on deep learning reconstruction (T1WI-DL, T2WI-DL) was conducted for magnetic resonance imaging of nasal cartilage. We aim to evaluate the feasibility and performance of a novel deep learning based MRI reconstruction method to show the  structures of nasal cartilage, especially lower lateral cartilage. The results showed that applying ARDL to nasal cartilage MRI showed significant improvement in both SNR and CNR. we conclusion that the DL-based reconstruction algorithm was feasible to be applied to nasal cartilage MRI and improve the image quality.

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Felix G Gassert¹, Gabrielle Hoyer¹, Jenny Lee¹, Kenneth Gao¹, Aniket Tolpadi¹, Valentina Pedoia¹, and Sharmila Majumdar^1
1Radiology, Center for Intelligent Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States

Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Cartilage

In this study we used fully automatic segmentations of the bones and the cartilage of the knee to perform a principal component analysis of cartilage thickness, T2-relaxation times and bone shapes in the Osteoarthritis Initiative Dataset. We extracted and visualized the principal components which significantly contributed to a model for prediction of osteoarthritis progression to (i) show that besides mean values of these parameters also their distribution is crucial for osteoarthritis progression and (ii) prove the feasibility of visual interpretation of these components for better understanding factors associated with the disease.

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Ville Kantola^1,2, Jouni Karjalainen^1,2, Victor Casula^1,2, Mikko J. Nissi³, and Miika T. Nieminen^1,2,4
1Research Unit of Health Science and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, ²Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, ³University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, ⁴Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Keywords: Cartilage, Relaxometry, Relaxation anisotropy

The study of T₂ and T_1ρ anisotropy in musculoskeletal tissues, arising from the orientation of collagen fibrils in tissue, has so far been limited to experimental MRI systems. Here we present a method for measuring relaxation anisotropy ex vivo on a clinical MRI system. Furthermore, we aimed to quantify and compare the degrees of orientation dependence in bovine articular cartilage through anisotropy mapping. T₂ and T_1ρ mapping was performed on bovine stifle joint samples at multiple sample orientations. After coregistration anisotropy maps were created using Michelson contrast. The results showed large variations in anisotropy across cartilage thickness and topographical locations.

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Amanveer Singh¹, Hannah Mantebea², Farid Badar², Syeda Batool², Gabrielle Abdelmessih³, Talia Sebastian³, Michael Newton⁴, and Yang Xia^2
1Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States, ²Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochestor, MI, United States, ³Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochestor, MI, United States, ⁴Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States

Keywords: Cartilage, Osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis, Cartilage, Impact injury

This project aimed to study the properties of articular cartilage in response to mechanical injury in rabbit knees using μMRI. Femoral cartilage bone plugs were excised 2 and 14 weeks after impact and imaged using μMRI at a resolution of 11.7 μm/pixel. Higher T2 relaxation values in  affected specimens illustrated deterioration in the cartilage after impact. Furthermore, the higher T2 values in impacted samples of the 14-week batch compared to the 2-week batch indicate progressive cartilage degradation over time.

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Henri P.P. Leskinen^1,2, Juuso Tuppurainen^1,3, Jiri Jäntti^1,3, Janne T.A. Mäkelä^1,3, and Mikko J. Nissi^1
1Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, ²Mikkeli Central Hospital, Mikkeli, Finland, ³Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

Keywords: Cartilage, Osteoarthritis

Variation in T2 relaxation has been linked to changes in articular cartilage degenerative status. Most prominently to the collagen network integrity. However, T2 is greatly anisotropic in highly organized tissues, e.g. articular cartilage. Previous results show that using re-orientation experiments, orientation-independent T2 components can be defined. This study assesses the potential of these parameters to serve as biomarkers for osteoarthritis via comparing the orientation-independent T2 parameters to biomechanical testing results in human articular cartilage. Changes in the anisotropic component of T2 in the superficial and transitional zones are observed along with the biomechanical degeneration of the articular cartilage.

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Yan Wang¹, Jiayu Huang¹, Jianxun Qu², Xiangbing Bian¹, Caohui Duan¹, Chunbao Li³, Jing Zhang¹, and Xin Lou^1
1Radiology, PLA general hospital, Beijing, China, ²MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd, Beijing, China, ³Orthopaedics, PLA general hospital, Beijing, China

Keywords: Cartilage, Cartilage

To compare the ability in revealing subtle changes of patellar cartilage in suspected CMP between 7.0T and 3.0T MRI. We documented the total number of identified cartilage lesions by two radiologists and compared the number of cartilage lesions identified between 3.0T and 7.0T MRI. The result showed good consistency between readers. The mean number of cartilage lesions identified on 3.0T images was significantly less than 7.0T images. Considering the preliminary and small-sample feature of the study, we conclude conservatively that compared with 3.0T MRI, 7.0T MR images reveal more lesion of the patellar cartilage in CMP patients.

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Carly Lockard¹, Brad Sutton², Bruce Damon¹, Xiaojuan Li³, and Annette McCoy^4
1Stephens Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Clinical Imaging Research Program, Carle Health, Urbana, IL, United States, ²The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ³Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States, ⁴Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine (College of Veterinary Medicine), University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States

Keywords: Cartilage, Quantitative Imaging

Horses are an excellent translational model of orthopedic disease with high relevance to human disease. T2 and T1rho mapping can provide information about early cartilage changes in a horse post-traumatic osteoarthritis model. We investigated the feasibility of using MAPSS-based T2 and T1rho mapping in the horse metacarpophalangeal joint cartilage in cadaver specimens and live horses with and without joint pathology. MAPSS-based T2 and T1rho mapping of equine metacarpophalangeal joint cartilage is feasible and provides realistic cartilage relaxometry values.

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Rafeek Thahakoya¹, Valentina Pedoia¹, Kenneth Gao¹, Rupsa Bhattacharjee¹, Felix Gassert¹, Johanna Luitjens¹, Koren Roach¹, Eric Hammond¹, Richard Souza^1,2, and Sharmila Majumdar^1
1Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, ²Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

Keywords: Bone, Osteoarthritis

This current study evaluated the role of bone shape asymmetry with other biomarkers of hip OA such as T1rho/T2 relaxation time and gait biomechanics data.  We observed similar relationship trend in higher bone asymmetry values in the AMS region correlates with lesser number of repetitions performed 30s chair rise test, validating the common understanding of performance. This is one of the first feasibility studies to be explored which conveys the potential of bone asymmetry to be considered as a strong biomarker for understanding hip OA

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Lidi Wan¹, Adam Searleman², Yajun Ma², Jonathan H Wong³, Guangyu Tang¹, Jiang Du², and Eric Y Chang^3
1Radiology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, ²Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States, ³Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States

Keywords: Cartilage, Quantitative Imaging

Ex vivo and cadaveric articular cartilage samples often undergo freeze and thaw cycles and sample preparation in air. These procedures will result in cartilage dehydration and degradation, which may affect the results of UTE-biomarkers. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of cartilage dehydration and rehydration on UTE-biomarkers and to compare the rehydration capability of synovial fluid and normal saline. Cartilage dehydration resulted in significant changes in all evaluated UTE-biomarkers. Rehydrating with normal saline had non-significant effect on UTE-biomarkers while synovial fluid resulted in significant changes for MMF and T2*. Rehydrating with normal saline is better than synovial fluid.

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Tiago Timoteo Fernandes^1,2, Sairam Geethanath², and Rita G Nunes^3
1nstitute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técn, Lisboa, Portugal, ²Accessible Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Biomedical Imaging and Engineering Institute, Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States, New York, NY, United States, ³Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico – Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Lisboa, Portugal

Keywords: Cartilage, Quantitative Imaging

.We compared Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds of Multi Spin-Echo sequences’ derived T2 values using a dictionary approach for musculoskeletal relaxometry. The refocusing flip angle, inter-echo spacing and echoe number were varied, constraining the B1+rms to 5μT and the exam time to 9 minutes, keeping TR to a minimum. Designed sequences were tested in NIST/ISMRM phantom and ex vivo, and compared against the vendor’s MSE. A repeatability study was performed during 5 days. An optimized sequence with target T2 value (45ms), representative of the cartilage, scored below 10% for Within-case Coefficient of Variation in 9 out of 14 vials.

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Laurel Hales¹, Ananya Goyal¹, and Feliks Kogan^1
1Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

Keywords: Cartilage, Relaxometry, low SNR

Including data below the noise floor in estimating relaxometry values leads to overestimation. It is possible to identify and remove data below the noise floor by considering the set of voxel data in an ROI at each echo time as a separate but related dataset, and then comparing the data from each echo time statistically. Removing data below the noise floor, reduces error in the estimates of relaxometry values.

jiahui fu¹, chinting wong¹, lin mu¹, dong dong¹, ying qiu¹, yi Zhu², Ke Jiang², and huimao zhang^1
1The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China, chang chun, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China, Beijing, China, China

Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence

MRI T2 mapping has been recommended as a noninvasive biomarker of knee cartilage lesions. However, due to the long acquisition time, it hasn’t been widely used in the clinical setting. Recently, deep learning-based acceleration of compressed sensing (CS) has shown promising results  without losing image quality. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of quantitative knee T2-mapping accelerated by deep learning-based compressed sensing (CS-AI), and compare the image quality and diagnostic performance with conventional CS. The results demonstrates that quantitative knee T2 mapping with reconstruction by CS-AI was feasible, suggesting better diagnostic performance without extra time consuming.

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Sameed Khan^1,2,3, Richard Lartey^1,2, Nancy Obuchowski^1,4, Sibaji Gaj^1,2, Jee Hun Kim^1,2, Mei Li^1,2, Brendan Eck^1,3, Carl S. Winalski^1,2,3, Faysal Altahawi^1,3, Morgan H Jones⁵, Laura J Huston⁶, Kevin D Harkins⁷, Michael V Knopp⁸, Christopher C Kaeding⁹, Kurt Spindler^1,10, and Xiaojuan Li^1,2,3
1Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States, ²Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States, ³Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States, ⁴Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States, ⁵Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, ⁶Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, ⁷Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, ⁸Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, ⁹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, ¹⁰Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States

Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Fat

ACL injury is a major risk factor for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), however mechanisms are not fully understood. In this work, we use radiomics from quantitative MRI imaging to associate subvisual changes in the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) to both symptomatic and radiographic PTOA. MRI was collected from 113 patients at least 10 years post-ACLR. 1690 radiomics and 11 clinical features were extracted and selected using a gradient-boosted decision tree classifier model. A subset of texture-associated features of IPFP and no clinical features were associated with symptomatic PTOA with an AUROC of 0.74 and radiographic PTOA with an AUROC of 0.84.

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Abdul Wahed Kajabi^1,2, Stefan Zbyn^1,2,3, Jesse Smith^1,2, Morgan Homan⁴, Hasan Abbasguliyev⁵, Ariel N. Rodriguez⁴, Gregory J. Metzger¹, Robert F. F. LaPrade⁴, and Jutta M. Ellermann^1,2
1Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ²Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ³Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Ohio, OH, United States, ⁴Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina, MN, United States, ⁵Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ataturk University Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey

Keywords: MSK, Quantitative Imaging, Meniscus

Evaluating 3D T2* mapping of the meniscus at ultra-high field 7T provides necessary high resolution to better characterize tissue changes in the meniscus. This study was designed to measure the 3D structure of the meniscus with T2* mapping in a clinically acceptable scan time at 7T, and to evaluate meniscus degeneration in twelve patients with arthroscopically verified tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and nine age, sex and body mass index matched healthy controls. T2* mapping at 7T provided comprehensive 3D evaluation of meniscus and detected degenerative alterations caused by the root tears in the patients.

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Shuda Xia¹, Avneesh Chhabra², Gaurav Sharan², Uma Thakur², Holden Archer², Yin Xi², and Joel Wells^2
1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, TX, United States, ²University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States

Keywords: Joints, Joints

This study is a novel investigation into the clinical correlations between parameters measured through 3D MRI and outcomes for patients with hip dysplasia (HD). Although there were no statistically significant correlations seen between labral tear length and PROMs (p>0.05), a few non-significant correlation trends were observed. Furthermore, labral tear lengths directly positively correlated with worsening cartilage damage, the presence of subchondral bone cysts, para-labral cysts, and the number of labral tears seen.

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Enlin Qian¹, Amaresha Shridhar Konar², Tiago Fernandes³, Ramesh Paudyal², Amita Shukla-Dave^2,4, Lawrence Schwartz⁵, and Sairam Geethanath^3
1Columbia Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, ²Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, ³Accessible MR Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Dept. of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States, ⁴Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, ⁵Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States

Keywords: Muscle, Muscle

We explored the feasibility of T₁ and T₂ mapping of normal tissue (masseter muscle) in the head and neck (HN) region using magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) and evaluated its repeatability. Our study included fingerprinting data from four healthy volunteers and four repeats each, along with acquiring B₀ maps. The T₁ and T₂ estimation of masseter muscle by MRF is similar to previous literature values. We report wCV<4.3% for T₁ measurements and wCV<7% for T₂ measurements for all subjects. No significant B₀ variations were observed in the masseter muscle regions.