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Junyan Wen¹, Shanshan Yang¹, Xuecong Lin¹, Wei Cui², Long Qian², Zhimin Chen¹, Liaoming Gao¹, Qian Gao³, Weikang Huang ⁴, Dongliang Cheng⁵, and Ge Wen^1
1Medical Imaging Department, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China, ²MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, Beijing, China, ³Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, ⁴Department of Radiology, Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China, ⁵Department of Radiology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Brain, Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness. Herein, we explored the differences in the whole-brain T1 and T2 relaxation times between drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients and healthy controls by synthetic MRI (SyMRI). The results showed altered T1 and T2 values in specific regions of the gray matter in MDD patients, which may be associated with alterations in the brain gray matter microstructure, such as excessive iron deposition. Thus, these quantitative variables may be promising imaging markers for further exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms of depression.

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Mengyue Tang¹, Lianqing Zhang¹, Zilin Zhou¹, Lingxiao Cao¹, Yingxue Gao², Hailong Li², Xinyue Hu¹, Kaili Liang², Weijie Bao², Yingying Wang¹, Weihong Kuang², Qiyong Gong¹, and Xiaoqi Huang^2
1Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China., Chengdu, China, ²Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China., Chengdu, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Brain

    We investigated hippocampal subfields volumes in a relatively large sample of first-episode drug-naive MDD and explored sex-related effects. We used Freesurfer software to segment the hippocampus with longitudinal axis and transverse axis automatically. We found there were different alterations of hippocampus along different axis. The sex-independent decreased volume of hippocampal and its subregions along the longitudinal, while the sex specific alteration only detected in the subfields along the transverse axis. These current findings may interpretate the hippocampus appears to have functional segregation along the different axis, which may contribute to developing new diagnostic and mechanism of sex difference for MDD.

 

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Yingying Wang¹, Mengyue Tang¹, Zilin Zhou¹, Yingxue Gao¹, Linxiao Cao¹, Hailong Li¹, Xinyue Hu¹, Weijie Bao¹, Kaili Liang¹, Lianqing Zhang¹, Weihong Kuang², Qiyong Gong¹, and Xiaoqi Huang^1
1Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China., Chengdu, China, ²Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Neuro

We collected resting-state fMRI data from 115 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 120 healthy controls (HC). The GenLouvain community detection algorithm was performed to identify the temporal evolution of community in the multilayer network. Recruitment and integration coefficients were calculated according to the module allegiance matrix to quantify the dynamic characteristic of a node within each of the networks. We found aberrant recruitment and integration coefficients in MDD patients and their significant correlations with clinical scores, and such abnormally dynamic network reconfiguration provides a new perspective to explain the neurobiological characteristics of MDD patients.

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xinyue Hu¹, lianqing Zhang¹, hailong Li¹, Mengyue Tang¹, Hui Qiu¹, Yongbo Hu¹, Yingxue Gao¹, Weihong Kuang², Qiyong Gong¹, and Xiaoqi Huang^1
1Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, ²Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Gray Matter

The thalamus is one of the key structures involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Most previous neuroimaging studies on MDD measured the volume of thalamus as a whole, however, the thalamus consists of multiple subnucleus with distinct function and connectivity. Recent advances in structural MRI segmentation techniques have enabled the measurement of the volumes of thalamic subnucleus with a robust, automatic approach using a Bayesian inference-based atlas-building algorithm. Using this algorithm, we aimed to investigate the alternations in volume and structural covariance networks in thalamic subnucleus in a relatively large sample of non-comorbid treatment-naïve patients with MDD.

Tao Chen¹, Zhongyi He², Qinger Guo¹, Jinfeng Duan³, Yong Zhang⁴, Min Wang², and Hong Yang^1
1Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, ²College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, ³Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, ⁴GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, fMRI (resting state)

Objective: To explore the specific FC change patterns of MDD by combining sFC and dFC.

Methods: 37 MDD and 36 matched HCs were included in this study. The differences of sFC and dFC between two groups were compared.

Results: Compared to HCs, patients showed less time in the anti-correlated state between higher-order and lower-order networks and longer dwell time in the whole-brain weakly connected state. The mean dwell time of state 4 was negative correlation with the behavioral scale score in patients.

Conclusions: These disrupted dFC patterns provide new clues to understanding the neuropathology of state-dependence in MDD.

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Jesper Pilmeyer^1,2, Rolf Lamerichs^1,3, Faroeq Rahmat Ramsaransing^1,2,4, Marcel Breeuwer^1,5,6, and Svitlana Zinger^1,2
1Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands, ²Department of Research and Development, Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, Netherlands, ³Philips Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands, ⁴Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ⁵Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands, ⁶Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, fMRI (task based), Multi-echo imaging

Objective prognosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) based on functional MRI (fMRI) biomarkers remains problematic due an abundance of physiological and motion confounders. Multi-echo imaging enhances the BOLD sensitivity while reducing signal loss. Here, we evaluate the effect of different multi-echo combinations on MDD symptom improvement prediction in an emotional face-matching fMRI task. We demonstrate improved signal quality and activation contrast for multi-echo combinations in the amygdala and hippocampus and predict 3-months and 6-months MDD symptom improvement with 91% and 87% accuracy, respectively. These results highlight the benefits of novel multi-echo acquisitions for prognosis in psychiatric disorders.

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Lianqing Zhang¹, Xinyue Hu¹, Mengyue Tang¹, Hui Qiu¹, Yongbo Hu¹, Yingxue Gao¹, Hailong Li¹, Weihong Kuang², and Xiaoqi Huang^1
1Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China, Chengdu, China, ²Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR ChinaMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China, Chengdu, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Neuroscience, hippocampus, amygdala

The hippocampus and amygdala are densely interconnected structures that work together in multiple affective and cognitive processes that are important to the etiology of major depressive disorder. By constructing a network based on the volumetric covariation among subfields/subregions within the hippocampus-amygdala complex, we found the topologic properties within localized network of the hippocampus-amygdala complex were disrupted in never-treated patients with first-episode depression. The current study provided the first evidence of atypical structural covariance network within the hippocampus-amygdala complex in patients with early stage of MDD, which could be a potential biomarker in the future psychoradiological practices.

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Shanshan Yang¹, Xuecong Lin¹, Junyan Wen¹, Wei Cui², Long Qian², Weiwei Cui¹, Ziqi Wu¹, Peiqian Hu³, Liyang Yang⁴, and Ge Wen^1
1Medical Imaging Department, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China, ²MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, Beijing, China, ³Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, ⁴Department of Radiology, Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Brain, Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental sickness. Yet, its neural mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the different degrees of glymphatic system activity between patients with MDD and healthy controls using diffusion tension imaging (DTI) along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS). The results showed that the patients with MDD had glymphatic system dysfunction, which increases anxiety. Thus, the ALPS index is expected to be a biomarker for monitoring changes in glymphatic system function in MDD patients.

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Pallab Bhattacharyya¹, Amit Anand², Xuemei Huang¹, Mark Lowe¹, and Murat Altinay^1
1Cleveland Clinic Foundation, CLEVELAND, OH, United States, ²Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders

High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)  targeted at left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) is an increasingly popular therapy of patients with major depressive disorder, who are inadequately responsive to medication treatment. There is evidence of resting state functional connectivity (fcMRI) between lDLPFC and left anterior cingulate cortex (lACC) playing a role in rTMS efficacy. We performed a longitudinal study by scanning patients before and after 6-week long 10-Hz rTMS therapy. Patients with lower resting state low frequency blood oxygen level dependent fluctuation correlation and anticorrelation between lDLPFC and lACC responded better to rTMS therapy.

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Jennifer Evans¹ and Carlos Zarate^1
1NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Drugs, major depression, ketamine

We investigate vigilance changes during intravenous ketamine administration in patients with treatment resistant major depression using an fMRI arousal template. There is a significant decrease in the average vigilance index after ketamine infusion as compared to placebo. The fMRI based vigilance index shows promise in detecting the rapid onset of ketamine administration effects.

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Ritu Tyagi¹, Vishwa Rawat¹, Gagan Hans², Pratap sharan², S Senthil Kumaran¹, and Uma Sharma^1
1Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, ²Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Spectroscopy, NMR based metabolomics, Logistic regression analysis, blood serum, neuroinflammation

The current diagnosis for Major Depressive disorder (MDD) is dependent on symptomatic clusters and resulting high error rates. The study identifies a panel of biomarkers using ¹H NMR spectroscopy and logistic regression prediction modelling. The VIP score of >1.5 and S-plot based on OPLS-DA depicted 4 significant metabolites (phosphocreatine, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine and glutamine) indicating abnormalities in energy and lipid metabolism. Phosphocreatine showed the highest AUC of 0.875 with 90% sensitivity and specificity, while with a combination of 4 metabolites, the AUC increased to 0.927 with 96.3% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity, which may act as a supplementary diagnostic tool for MDD. 

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Ruth O'Gorman Tuura¹, Andreas Buchmann^2,3, Christopher Ritter^2,3, Melanie Haynes⁴, Ralph Noeske⁵, and Gregor Hasler^3
1University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ²Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ³Psychiatry Research Unit, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, ⁴Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland, ⁵GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Spectroscopy

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders, with symptoms including persistent sadness and low mood. MDD is associated with neurochemical alterations in GABA, glutamate, and glutamine levels, but to date few studies have examined changes in glutathione (GSH) in MDD. This study investigated changes in GSH in a medication naïve group of participants with current and past depression, and healthy controls, and the link between GSH, stress markers, depressive symptoms and mood. We observed elevated prefrontal GSH in participants with current but not remitted depression, which was associated with a decrease in positive mood.

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Ameen S. Al Qadi¹, Gaurav S. Verma¹, James S. Murrough², and Priti S. Balchandani ^1
1Biomedical Engineering And Imaging Institute, Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States, ²Department Of Psychiatry, Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Brain Connectivity, Tractography, 7T, Major Depressive Disorder

This study investigated the structural integrity of thalamic nuclei and their white matter connections in the brains of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) to help elucidate MDD etiology using diffusion tractography and structural MRI at 7T. Group differences were found with decreased FA and increased MD, RD, and AD in the tracts of multiple nuclei in the MDD cohort compared to controls. There were no significant differences in the average volumes of the nuclei between groups. These results suggest aberrant axonal integrity in multiple pathways responsible for visual & auditory processing, motor function, and emotional response networks. 

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Xuecong Lin¹, Junyan Wen¹, Shanshan Yang¹, Wei Cui², Long Qian², Yanyu Hao¹, Liya Gong¹, Weikang Huang³, Haijie Zhang⁴, and Ge Wen^1
1Medical Imaging Department, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China, ²MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, Beijing, China, ³Department of Radiology, Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China, ⁴PET/CT Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Brain, Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disease with unclear pathophysiology. Herein, we explored the differences in the whole-brain gray matter free-water axial diffusivity (AD) and mean diffusivity (MD) values between MDD patients and healthy controls using free-water DTI. The results showed altered free-water AD and MD values in specific regions of the gray matter in MDD patients, which may be associated with alterations in the brain gray matter microstructure, such as microstructure damage or neurodegeneration. Thus, these quantitative variables could be used as valuable biomarkers that could further our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of depression.

Bo Zhou¹, Wenjia Liang², Chenxi Sun², Wenjun Wang², Weiqiang Dou³, Dmytro Pylypenko³, Huimin Hou⁴, and Bao Wang^1
1Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China, ²Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China, ³MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, ⁴Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Quantitative Susceptibility mapping

The occurrence of depression may be related to the accumulation of iron in the brain. T1-weighted images were linearly registered into the QSM space, and then six regions of interest (ROIs) were obtained using the automated segmentation pipeline. Susceptibility values of major depression disorder (MDD) and healthy control (HC) groups were compared using the two-sided Student's t-test. The susceptibility of the left amygdala and right putamen in MDD patients were significantly increased, and positively correlated with the severity of depression and insomnia, respectively. The increased iron in the left amygdala may be a new biomarker for MDD.

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Junyan Wen¹, Shanshan Yang¹, Xuecong Lin¹, Wei Cui², Long Qian², Zhimin Chen¹, Liaoming Gao¹, Qian Gao³, Weikang Huang ⁴, Dongliang Cheng⁵, and Ge Wen^1
1Medical Imaging Department, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China, ²MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, Beijing, China, ³Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, ⁴Department of Radiology, Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China, ⁵Department of Radiology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Brain, Major depressive disorder; white matter microstructure

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental disorder with unclear pathophysiology mechanism. The present study aimed explore white matter (WM) microstructure alterations in MDD patients using synthetic MRI technique. The results showed shorter T1 relaxation time in several deep WM regions, while extensive myeline content was found in left anterior limb of internal capsule in patients with MDD. Thus, we concluded that WM alterations caused by MDD can be revealed by quantitative MRI parameters.

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Pallab Bhattacharyya¹, Bo Hu¹, Mark Lowe¹, and Amit Anand^2
1Cleveland Clinic Foundation, CLEVELAND, OH, United States, ²Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Spectroscopy

Changes in total glutathione (GSH) level in left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) following lithium monotherapy of bipolar disorder in depressed state were studied at7T. Patients were scanned with a semi-LASER sequence at baseline and 2, 8 and 26 weeks from onset of therapy. Healthy controls were also scanned at those 4 time points. An increase in GSH level at left dorsal/rostral ACC was observed in patients, and the increase took place between 8 and 26 weeks after the start of therapy.

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Xun Zhang¹ and Qiyong Gong^1
1Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, fMRI (resting state), gray matter

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent disabling psychiatric condition, for which the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we used group independent component analysis to characterize the functional architecture of brain resting-state networks (RSNs) and investigate between-group differences in intra- and inter-network functional network connectivity (FNC), as well as their associations with clinical characteristics and their potential diagnostic value. As a result, we observed widespread intra-/inter-network FNC abnormalities among high-order and primary perceptual RSNs in SAD, which were correlated to the symptom severity and illness duration, and allowed individual classification of SAD versus healthy controls with significant accuracy.

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Antonia Susnjar¹, Gianna Nossa², Joseph V Rispoli¹, Ulrike Dydak^2,3, and Meden Issac-Lam^4
1Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, ²School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, ³Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States, ⁴Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue Northwest University, Hammond, IN, United States

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Trauma, PTSD

We are reporting neurometabolic imbalances in post-traumatic stress disorder using edited and unedited single voxel spectroscopy with optimized HERMES data acquisition at 3T. We have investigated five brain regions that play a significant role in PTSD including insula, hippocampus, amygdala, anterior, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Our findings report the largest metabolic concentration changes in amygdala which moderates flight or fight state. Moreover, we observe decrease of primary neurotransmitter GABA in hippocampus, antioxidant GSH in DLPFC, and membrane turnover marker tCho across all brain regions. 

Antonio Napolitano¹, Martino Schettino^2,3, Chiara Parrillo¹, Giulia Baldassari¹, Luca Cairone¹, Salvatore Gazzellini¹, Federico Giove^3,4, and Cristina Ottaviani^2,3
1Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy, ²Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, ³IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy, ⁴Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Brain, Spectroscopy; GABA; Glx

The present study combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy, resting state functional connectivity and ecological momentary assessment to support the view that intrusive thinking may be pathologically maintained via negative reinforcement, namely a reduction in autonomic arousal that prevents the transition from a relaxed state to a spike of activation.