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Simona Nikolova¹, Todd Schwedt¹, Yuxiang Zhou², Brian Chong², Gina Dumkrieger¹, and Catherine Chong^1
1Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States, ²Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Spectroscopy, migraine, 3D-MRSI, PTH

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides a means to quantify brain metabolites. Metabolites of interest are N-acetyl aspartate (NAA, neuronal marker), Choline (Cho, marker of cell membrane turnover), Myoinositol (Ins, astrocyte marker), Glutamate+Glutamine (Glx, neurotransmitters).  Studies demonstrate metabolic changes associated with migraine such as increased Glx levels (signifying excitotoxicity), decreased NAA (suggestive of neuronal damage), as well as abnormal GABA in pain processing areas. The main goal of this work was to use using a novel, whole-brain three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) technique to collect preliminary data on metabolic differences between migraine, post traumatic headache (PTH), and healthy controls.

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Xue Chen¹, Zhou Huang¹, Peng Wu², and Yonggang Li^1,3,4
1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China, ³Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou, China, ⁴National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

Keywords: Nerves, Brain

 The pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) and the central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms leading to poorer mode and pain sensitization remain totally unclear, which was explored in our study using MEGA-PRESS. PDM patients showed significantly higher Glx level and mildly higher GABA+ level (not significantly) in ACC in menstruation phase. In menstruation phase, the SDS/PCS scores of the PDM patients had a positive correlation with ACC GABA+ levels. The imbalances in ACC GABA+/Glx levels in PDM patients in menstruation phase may be the mechanism mediating depressive symptoms and pain catastrophe.

 

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Alexa Gail Colinco¹, Rosy Linda Njonkou Tchoquessi¹, Steven Roys¹, Li Jiang¹, Prashant Raghavan¹, Jerry Prince², Rao P. Gullapalli¹, and Jiachen Zhuo^1
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ²Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Tissue Characterization

The accurate delineation of thalamic nuclei is important in understanding the underlying pathophysiology associated with neurological disorders and in targeting specific thalamic nuclei in image guided interventions. However, sub-parcellation of the thalamic nuclei is challenging given the lack of contrast within the thalamus provided by conventional T1 or T2 images. In this study, we use synthesized MPRAGE images with different inversion time (TI) (SynTI) to accurately parcellate thalamic nuclei, as outlined by the Morel atlas. Additionally, we examined the distinct magnetic susceptibility and diffusion properties of individual nuclei, which can be used to further improve thalamic nuclei segmentation.

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Alexandru Korotcov^1,2, Caroline A Browne^2,3, Asamoah Bosomtwi^1,4, Shalini Jaiswal^1,2, Nathan Cramer^2,5,6, Xiufen Xu^2,6, Kathleen Whiting^2,7, Cheryl D Stimpson^2,8, Bernard J Dardzinski^1,9, Daniel Perl⁸, Dara L Dickstein^2,8, and Zygmunt Galdzicki^6
1Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States, ²The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States, ³Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Service University, Bethesda, MD, United States, ⁴Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States, ⁵Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁶Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Service University, Bethesda, MD, United States, ⁷Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Service University, Bethesda, MD, United States, ⁸Department of Pathology, Uniformed Service University, Bethesda, MD, United States, ⁹National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Preclinical, hypobaria, hypoxia, DTI, PET/CT, cerebral blood flow

Chronic exposure to high altitude (HA) can lead to maladaptive physiological and pathological changes, resulting in an increased risk for neurological impairment. Whether the occurrence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) at HA exacerbates neurobehavioral deficits remains uncertain. A series of experiments was conducted to test the impact of mTBI in the context of HA using established models of repetitive close head injury and simulated HA (5000m). A longitudinal study design was applied to identify the effects of chronic HA exposure (12 weeks) and mTBI in mice on neurobehavioral and neuroimaging biomarkers using PET and MRI.

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Takayuki Sada¹, Hajime Yokota², Ryuna Kurosawa¹, Takafumi Yoda¹, Keisuke Nitta¹, Koji Matsumoto¹, Takashi Namiki³, Masami Yoneyama³, Adam Wu⁴, Yoshitada Masuda⁵, and Takashi Uno^2
1Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan, ²Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, ³Philips Japan, Tokyo, Japan, ⁴Philips Healthcare (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, China, ⁵Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan

Keywords: Nerves, Diffusion Tensor Imaging

The brachial plexus is difficult to obtain diffusion tensor image (DTI) with good image quality due to the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field and motion artifacts. Zoom imaging based on 2D RF (iZoom) could both reduce the distortion dramatically and has better fat suppression effects. In this study, we compared DTI using conventional Zoom with that using iZoom for the brachial plexus and diffusion tractography with iZoom created higher mean length and fiber count than the conventional Zoom sequence, suggesting its feasibility as a new method for diffusion tensor imaging for the brachial plexus.

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Alexander D. Cohen¹, Benjamin L. Brett², Milan D. Patel¹, Kelly D. Ristow¹, Michael A. McCrea², and Yang Wang^1
1Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, ²Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, fMRI, Cerebrovascular reactivity, Breath hold

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) can provide a marker of vascular injury. The effects of repetitive head impact exposure (RHIE) during contact sports remains to be fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of sport, time, and their interaction on CVR in contact sport (CS) and non-contact sport (NCS) middle school and high school athletes. There was a significant effect of time and a significant interaction effect between contact group and time on CVR with CVR decreasing pre to post season in the NCS group but remaining unchanged in the CS group.

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Ke-ning XU¹ and Wenjia Wang^2
1Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou Hebei, China, ²GE Healthcare, Beijing, China

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Brain

The values of fractional anisotropy (FA) in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and the mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusivity（MD） values in diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) were used to analyze diffuse axonal injury of brain Injury (DAI). We explored the diagnostic value of these three parameters in DAI and found that MK was superior to FA and MD. DTI and DKI could quantitatively analyze the severity of DAI patients and reduce the misdiagnosis rate of DAI.

 

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Margaret M. McCann^1,2, Ethan Mathew^1,3, Alberto Fuentes¹, Samuel G. Ferrante¹, Charles Quarles⁴, Richard D. Dortch¹, and Gregory Turner^1
1Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States, ²Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States, ³School of Biological and Health System Engineering, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States, ⁴Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States

Keywords: Nerves, Diffusion Tensor Imaging

ALS is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons. Assessment of disease progression is difficult and relies on tests that lack specificity/responsiveness. While imaging biomarkers may meet this need, previous work has focused on the motor neurons or skeletal muscles, with nerves that form the link between these tissues being largely understudied. Previous studies suggest DTI in human nerves may be sensitive to nerve degeneration in ALS and here we sought to validate these measures in a rat model. Preliminary findings showed a progressive decrease in FA, which correlated to the onset of motor neuron loss and muscle wasting.

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Hajime Yokota¹, Takayuki Sada², Ryuna Kurosawa², Takafumi Yoda², Koji Matsumoto², Takashi Namiki³, Masami Yoneyama³, and Takashi Uno^1
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Chiba Univerisity, Chiba, Japan, ²Department of Radiology, Chiba Univerisity Hospital, Chiba, Japan, ³Philips Japan, Tokyo, Japan

Keywords: Nerves, Neurography

Multifocal chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by asymmetrical and irregular nerve thickening. However, the nerves are sometimes irregular in caliber even without obvious neuropathy. MIXTURE can simultaneously acquire neurography and T2 mapping.  The diameter and T2 values from MIXTURE were significantly wider and higher in multifocal CIDP than in cases with normal but irregular caliber (P = 0.029 and 0.004). The AUCs of ROC analyses were 0.889 and 0.972 in diameter and T2 values for differentiating the two groups. Diameter and T2 values acquired with MIXTURE help differentiate whether caliber irregularities in the brachial plexus are pathological.

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Yuan Le¹, Jun Chen¹, Yi Sui¹, Phillip J. Rossman¹, Armando Manduca¹, Kevin J. Glaser¹, John Huston III¹, Richard L. Ehman¹, and Ziying Yin^1
1Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Traumatic brain injury, Motion encoding gradient, transient motion

To study how the human brain moves and deforms under a sub-injury level transient impact, we tested the feasibility of measuring in-vivo brain transient motion resulting from a small amplitude impact using the multi-scale MR Elastography technique. Transient motion was encoded by wavelet-based motion encoding gradients at two wavelet scales plus a scaling function, and displacement was calculated using the inverse Haar transform. Brain motion over a wide frequency range was detected and was found to be consistent with previous results from a much higher impact.

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Asamoah Bosomtwi¹, Roxan Ara², Fengchong Kong², Yujiao Lu³, and Krishnan M DHANDAPANI^3
1Georgia medical College, Augusta, GA, United States, ²Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States, ³Neurosurgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Spectroscopy

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnosis and treatment is a top priority for military medicine. Several preclinical models of TBI have been developed to help elucidate the etiology of brain injury but these models typically depend on behavioral outcomes to indicate injury severity. In this project we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate a noninvasive, longitudinal technique to detect changes in brain metabolites after TBI

 

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Mahta Karimpoor¹, Marios Georgiadis¹, Brian Mills¹, Hossein Moein Taghavi¹, Narvin Phouksouvath¹, Maged Goubran², Nicole Mouchawar¹, Sohrab Sami¹, Max Wintermark¹, Charles Liu³, John Van Horn⁴, Gerald Grant⁵, David Camarillo⁶, and Michael Zeineh^1
1Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ²Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ³Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, ⁴Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, ⁵Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ⁶Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Brain Connectivity, high-contact sports, resting state functional connectivity

Repetitive head impact exposure during contact sports may increase risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. We compared resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) networks between a group of high-contact collegiate PAC-12 athletes and a low-contact group from two institutions (groups comprised athletes of multiple sports and both sexes). A community chi-squared analysis evaluated differences in connectivity within/between 12 brain networks comparing high- vs. low-contact sports. Across both institutions, rsFC in the high-contact cohort was significantly increased (hyperconnectivity) between dorsal attention and default mode network (DMN), and significantly decreased (hypoconnectivity) between dorsal attention and frontoparietal networks, compared to the low-contact cohort.

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Ping-Hong Yeh¹, J. Kent Werner^2,3, Rujirutana Srikanchana¹, Kimbra Kenney^1,2, Chihwa Song¹, Treven Pickett^1,2, Grant Bonavia^1,2, and John Ollinger^1,2
1National Intrepid Center of Excellence,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States, ²Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States, ³Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Traumatic brain injury

In this study, we quantitated the size of white matter hyperintense (WMH), enlarged perivascular space (ePVS) and diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI_ALPS) index in service members after a remote mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and associated them with objective sleep measures. There was no significant difference of the regional size of WMH, ePVS or hemispheric DTI_ALPS index between controls and mTBI. In mTBI participants, lifetime TBI/PCE events was associated amygdala-hippocampal complex ePVS load; and sleep arousal / awakening index was associated with temporal WMH load, periodic limb movement during sleep with basal ganglia WMH load.

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Jessica Busler¹, Sarah Rose Slate², Monica Foneska², Huijun Liao², Stanley Lyndon¹, Jacob Taylor¹, Alexander Lin¹, and Pamela Mahon^1
1Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, ²Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Spectroscopy, Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress is implicated in multiple psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions, differs by biological sex and covaries with circulating estrogens. However, limited knowledge exists on the association of brain markers of oxidative stress via glutathione (GSH) with circulating sex hormones. Therefore, we conducted brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy, assayed blood serum for circulating sex hormones, and measured brain GSH-sex hormones associations. We found that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex GSH relates to estradiol in women and men and anterior cingulate cortex GSH relates to estradiol, estrone, and total testosterone in women. This study highlights the importance of considering sex in GSH MRS studies. 

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Graziella Donatelli^1,2, Gianmichele Migaleddu¹, Matteo Cencini³, Paolo Cecchi^1,2, Luca Peretti^3,4, Claudio D'Amelio⁵, Guido Buonincontri³, Michela Tosetti^2,3, Mirco Cosottini⁵, and Mauro Costagli^3,6
1Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy, ²IMAGO 7 Research Foundation, Pisa, Italy, ³Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy, ⁴University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, ⁵Neuroradiology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, ⁶DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

Keywords: Head & Neck/ENT, Contrast Agent

Contrast enhancement, a marker of blood-brain barrier breakdown and active inflammation, provides crucial information in brain disease. Quantitative Transient Imaging (QTI) enables robust quantitative T1, T2 and PD mapping. 30 patients with brain tumors, multiple sclerosis and limbic encephalitis underwent a 3T-MRI brain exam which included conventional T1-weighted and QTI sequences acquired before and after contrast media administration. Synthetic T1-weighted images were obtained from the QTI maps. At radiological inspection, all pathological contrast enhancements in conventional images were visible in the synthetic T1-weighted images obtained from postcontrast QTI and showed the same patterns of contrast enhancement.

Jiaming Lu¹, Xin Zhang¹, and Bing Zhang^1
1The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

Keywords: Head & Neck/ENT, Metabolism

In this study, we using non invasion GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS MRS and NODDI model to measure the GABA content in bilateral thalamus and the water diffusion pattern in premature ejaculation patient. The PE patients have more dispersed neurites in the right putamen, more hindered water, and less space within axons in the orbitofrontal cortex. The bilateral thalamus GABA content in PE group is significantly lower than NC group. These findings may help us have a better neuroimage upstanding of PE from micro-structure to metabolism level.

Pan Chen¹, Ying Wang¹, Shuming Zhong², Guanmao Chen¹, and Long Qian^3
1Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, ²MR Research, GE Healthcare, Guangzhou, China, ³MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China

Keywords: Neuroinflammation, Brain Connectivity

The goal of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of suicidal behavior by detecting the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) variability of hippocampus and HPA axis activity, as well as their relationship with personality traits in BD with suicidal attempt (SA). We assessed the activity of the HPA axis by measuring morning plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (CORT) levels. All participants underwent personality assessment using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. BD with SA exhibited increased dFC variability of the hippocampal-temporal cortex and less HPA axis hyperactivity, which may both together lead to the possibility of changes in personality traits.

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Mingrui Qu¹, Bingbing Gao¹, Yuhan Jiang¹, Yuan Li¹, Lizhi Xie², and Yanwei Miao^1
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, ²GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China

Keywords: Nerves, Diabetes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the atrophy pattern of the hippocampus subregions in Parkinson's disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (PDDM) patients based on the 3DTI sequence and FreeSurfer software. The FreeSurfer provides extensive and automated neuroimaging analysis and has been successfully used to precisely segment the hippocampus. In this study, automated volumetry of hippocampal subfields in PDDM patients was performed, compared with Parkinson's disease without diabetes mellitus (PDND) patients and healthy controls . The results showed that PDDM patients have hippocampal subregions atrophy, especially in the right fimbria, right GC-ML-DG and right CA4.