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Xianglun Mao¹, Hsu-Lei Lee², Katerina Eyre³, Gaspar Delso⁴, Debiao Li^2,5, Anthony G Christodoulou^2,5, Matthias G Friedrich^3,6, Michael Salerno⁷, and Martin A Janich^8
1GE HealthCare, Menlo Park, CA, United States, ²Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States, ³Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁴GE HealthCare, Barcelona, Spain, ⁵Department of Bioengineering, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, ⁶Area 19, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁷Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ⁸GE HealthCare, Munich, Germany

Keywords: Myocardium, Quantitative Imaging, T1 Mapping

Quantitative imaging biomarkers such as T1 are promising for assessing focal and diffuse myocardial pathologies across different sites and scanners. However, the lack of reliable T1 mapping methods across different scanner platforms reduces patient access to robust quantitative imaging. CMR Multitasking has shown promise for non-ECG and free-breathing quantitative imaging in the heart, primarily at 3T. This work is an initial feasibility study implementing the CMR Multitasking on GE 1.5T MR scanners. Radial trajectories, self-gating/training data, and the CMR Multitasking framework together provided co-registered T1 and cine maps in a 1-min, free-breathing, non-ECG CMR scan.

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Yanan Zhao¹, Jianing Cui¹, Xiuzheng Yue², and Tao Li^1
1Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, ²Philips Healthcare(Beijing), Beijing, China

Keywords: Heart, Heart, SSc primary heart involvement, cardiovascular magnetic resonance,extracellular-volume fraction, modified Rodnan skin score

Cardiac involvement is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in subclinical systemic sclerosis (SSc). There are, however, no effective methods for detecting cardiac involvement in a general, asymptomatic SSc cohort. We aim to characterize SSc-primary heart involvement (SSc-pHI) through cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), exploring the relationship between SSc-pHI and skin involvement by modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). We found that 71% of SSC patients had Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) fibrosis, and 75% and 46% had anomalous native T1 and extracellular-volume fraction (ECV). In addition, SSc-pHI is related to the severity of skin involvement.

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Xiaofeng Qian¹, Yingwei Fan¹, Dongyue Si², Yongsheng Jin³, Haiyan Ding², and Rui Guo^1
1Shool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, ²Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, ³Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Shanxi, China

Keywords: Myocardium, Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, SASHA

SASHA with a 3-parameter fitting model has high T₁ accuracy but low precision due to low SNR in saturation-recovery T₁-weighted images. Alternatively, a two-parameter model could improve the precision with the penalty of losing accuracy. In this study, we developed a 1D neural network (DeepFittingNet) to predict SASHA T₁ and alleviate the impaction from noise. We trained DeepFittingNet using simulation of SASHA with different Rician noise levels and tested it using in-vivo MR data. Results showed that T₁ from DeepFittingNet had high precision and comparable accuracy to that of the 3-parameter fitting.

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Ronald J. Beyers¹ and Thomas S. Denney^1
1MRI Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn University, AL, United States

Keywords: Myocardium, Cardiomyopathy, T2prep, Mapping, Adiabatic

Cardiac T2-mapping allows quantifying myocardial edema resulting from events, such as, acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis and tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy.  Many T2-mapping sequences exist in literature, however, most have design shortcuts that degrade their consistency, accuracy and prognostic value. We previously reported our sequence that T2-maps at end-systole (ES) for maximum wall thickness, minimized artifacts, and had four-point T2 curve-fits³.  Here we present an improved 3T T2prep with four adiabatic pulses to eliminate prep inhomogeneity. This new 3T T2-mapping sequence produces T2maps at ES within 22 seconds breath hold.  Pre-testing on phantoms and validation on healthy human volunteers demonstrated superior results.

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Dana C Peters¹, Daniel Coman¹, Peter Herman¹, Jennifer M Kwan², Hanming Zhang², Raja Chakraborty², Jeacy Espinoza², Hyung Chun², Saejong Park², and Lauren A Baldassarre^2
1Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, ²Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

Keywords: Inflammation, Contrast Mechanisms

Tools were developed to evaluate mice models of myocarditis with cardiac MRI.  Cine imaging with self-gating, T₂ mapping using ECG-gated multi-spin echo acquisition, and pre- and post-contrast injection T₁ mapping were employed.  In twelve mice, including 4 mice models of myocarditis, normal T₂ values were 19ms±2ms at 11.7T, and regions of higher T₂ (25±2ms) were observed in some myocarditis mice. T₁ mapping showed reduced T1 after injection of gadolinium, and regions of lower T₁ in myocarditis vs. normal regions.  These tools will be useful in improved characterization of myocarditis in mice.

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Yajuan Li¹, Hui Zhou¹, and Huiting Zhang^2
1Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, ²Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China

Keywords: Cardiomyopathy, Cardiovascular

Although the T2 mapping is mainly used to evaluate myocardial water content, it is also sensitive to blood oxygenation levels, we found that in dilated cardiomyopathy the right ventricular dark right ventricular blood pool may affect the accurate quantification of myocardial T2 values. This study investigated the relationship between right ventricular blood pool on myocardial T2 mapping and indicators of cardiac function.

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El-Sayed H. Ibrahim¹, Andrii Puzyrenko¹, and Ivor Benjamin^1
1Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States

Keywords: Myocardium, COVID-19

Cardiac MRI is capable of myocardial tissue characterization using parametric mapping techniques such as T1 and T2 mappings, which are sensitive for detecting diffuse inflammation, fibrosis and edema. These techniques seem adequate for the detection of myocardial changes in COVID-19. In this study, we demonstrated the use of ex vivo MRI mapping techniques for noninvasive myocardial tissue characterization in COVID-19 patients and compared the MRI results to findings from autopsy reports. The proposed approach would allow for better understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiological effects on the myocardium through longitudinal studies that could be conducted without the need for invasive endomyocardial biopsy.

Rui Zhang¹, Jianxin Guo², Lihong Chen², Yi Zhu³, Yanhui Hao¹, and Kai Ai^4
1THE FIRST AFFILIATED OF XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, XI'AN, China, ²THE FIRST AFFILIATED OF XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, XI'an, China, ³Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China, ⁴Philips Healthcare, Xi'an, China

Keywords: Heart, Body

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship and closeness between N-Terminal pro–B-Type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)  and native T1, so as to predict the occurrence of heart failure(HF).  This retrospective study included 43 participants. Native T1 value were measured on T1 mapping images. The result reflects native T1 values correlated positively with NT-proBNP, and had high sensitivity and specificity. Native T1 has high predictive performance for HF.

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Yating Chen¹, Di Tian¹, Jingyu Zhang¹, and Zhiyong Li^1
1Department of radiology, The first affiliated hospital of dalian medical university, Dalian, China

Keywords: Myocardium, Cardiovascular, Chronic kidney disease,T1mapping, cardiac magnetic resonance

   Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition in which kidney damage or decreased kidney function persists for more than three months. Moreover, toxins inhibit myocardium leads to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure. T1 mapping, also known as longitudinal relaxation time quantitative imaging technology, is a new cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) scanning technology, which can quantitatively evaluate myocardial T1 time  and reflect changes in myocardial fibrosis.The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference and correlation between T1 value and CKD stage.

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Yang Wu¹, Peng Sun², Zhigang Wu², Xiaoxiao Zhang², Jing Zhang², and Jiazheng Wang^2
1Department of Medical Imaging, Wuhan Asia General Hosipital, Wuhan, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China

Keywords: Myocardium, Cardiovascular

T2 mapping is a quantitative technique for measuring T2 in tissues, which is gaining popularity in the MR community, particularly for the detection of cardiac edema. There are several representative T2 mapping methods, including GraSE and T2 preparation-based schemes. However, there is still a lack of clinical experience with these T2 mapping methods. In this study, we tentatively compared the GraSE-based and T2 preparation-based methods for myocardium imaging.

Shilan Li¹, Jiahuan Tao¹, Jing Zhang¹, Kai Ai², and Jiantao Liu^2
1Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Xi’an, China

Keywords: Myocardium, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques, IVIM, diabetes, myocardial microcirculation, right ventricular myocardial

Intra-voxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) can noninvasively and quantitatively evaluate myocardial microcirculation. At present, some scholars have demonstrated that IVIM can observe left ventricular myocardial microcirculation. However, due to the thickness of the right ventricular wall, IVIM imaging is difficult to assess it. This study proposed an optimized navigator-based and free-breathing acquisition scheme for cardiac IVIM. The results found that right ventricular myocardial microcirculation was impaired, pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D_fast) were significantly lower than healthy volunteers. It is helpful to monitor cardiovascular risk and evaluate prognosis.

Shi-hai Zhao¹ and Wei-bo Chen^2
1Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China

Keywords: Myocardium, Perfusion

Fully quantitative CMR-MPI was preliminarily applied for evaluating the area at risk in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. As a result, the fully quantitative CMR-MPI provided quantitative myocardial blood flow of the infarction territories, which was correlated with the extent of Salvageable zone. 

Ying Liu¹, Ping Tian¹, Jianmin Zheng¹, and Minwen Zheng^1
1Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China

Keywords: Myocardium, Quantitative Imaging

Myocardial involvement is frequently observed in rheumatologic diseases but typically remains subclinical. This study aimed to detect early subclinical cardiac involvement and to investigate characteristics of myocardial involvement by cardiac MR (CMR) imaging. In 75 of 83 patients with rheumatologic diseases, elevated global native T1 and ECV values were observed. Furthermore, 51 patients showed positive segment distribution of late gadolinium enhancement, including subendocardial contrast, intramural contrast and transmural contrast. Thus, T1-mapping, ECV and late gadolinium enhancement could detect early myocardial involvement in rheumatologic diseases patients without overt LV dysfunction.

Yi Zhang¹ and Xiance Zhao^2
1Shanghai General Hospital, Shang Hai, China, ²Philips Healthcare,, Shang Hai, China

Keywords: Myocardium, Quantitative Imaging

  HFpEF was seen approximately in half of all hospitalized patients for heart failure and is associated with a poor prognosis. Using CMR, the present study shows that the increased diffuse myocardial fibrosis was associated with the degree of impaired myocardial strain in patients with HFpEF.  As diffuse fibrosis is recognized as prognostic markers and reversible. Our findings demonstrate the utility of myocardial strain in assessing patients with HFpEF. The measurement of myocardial strain could be used to inform clinicians about whether HF medications could improve the degree of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in HFpEF.

Mengyao Hu¹, Yipei Song¹, Ao Kan¹, Jiankun Dai², and Lianggeng Gong^1
1the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, ²GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China

Keywords: Cardiomyopathy, MR Value, Multiple myeloma; Cardiac amyloidosis; Long-axis strain

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of left ventricular (LV) in multiple myeloma (MM) with secondary cardiac amyloidosis (MM-CA) patients by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT), and investigate the role of simple and fast CMR-FT long-axis strain (LAS) analysis in predicting late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). The results showed the LV function was more impaired in enhanced (LGE+) than in no-enhanced (LGE-) MM-CA patients. Among the investigated CMR-FT parameters, the LV LAS presented with best prediction efficacy of LGE. Our study indicated the simple and fast LAS may be beneficial for MM-CA patients with renal failure.

Jing Liang¹, Dan Mu¹, Xiance Zhao², and Xiuzheng Yue^3
1Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, nanjing, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China, ³Philips Healthcare, beijing, China

Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Atherosclerosis

Understanding the relationship between left ventricular  function and ventricular aneurysmafter myocardial infarction  is crucial for surgical treatment and drug therapy. The CMR feature-tracking  technique can quantitatively evaluate strain changes of LV and detect myocardial dysfunction. The study aims to use CMR-FT in patients with left VA after MI to assess strain changes and evaluate the clinical value for predicting patient prognosis. We found that the LV GLS, GCS, and GRS could be used for predicting the NYHA class after MI. 

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Zijing Zhang¹, Fei FENG¹, Yulong Qi¹, Hui Zhang¹, and Guanxun Cheng^1
1Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, ShenZhen, China

Keywords: Heart, Cardiomyopathy

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the gold standard for non-invasive evaluation of cardiac structure and function. Conventional 2D segmented steady-state free precession cine imaging（Standrad-Cine）is widely used but the scanning time is long. Artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing（ACS）is a new technology that can reduce the scanning time and improve image quality. By comparing the image quality and left ventricular function (LVF) of CMR sequence based on Standrad-Cine and ACS-Cine, we found that the use of ACS-Cine can significantly reduce the scanning time while obtaining high-quality and accurate parameters images.

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Jing Chen¹, Xiaolin Mu², Tianyu Ke³, and Yang Song^2
1Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China, ²The Affiliated Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China, ³Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Municipal Central Hospita, Dalian, China

Keywords: Cardiomyopathy, Ischemia, CMR-feature tracking

The subtle changes of myocardial strain in patients with myocardial infarction complicated with ventricular remodeling remain unclear. We used the CMR-FT technique to investigate the degree of strain damage, the degree of scar tissue penetration and the long-term prognostic value after ventricular remodeling in 41 patients with old myocardial infarction.The results showed that the myocardial strain was of great value in quantitatively assessing the degree of myocardial damage, identifying the degree of scar tissue penetration in infarcted myocardium and predicting the long-term end events, especially GLS, which was the best predictor

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baiyan zhuang¹, Minjie Lu², jian he³, and jing xu^2
1Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Imaging(cultivation) , Cardiovascular imaging and intervention Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, ²Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Imaging(cultivation) , Cardiovascular imaging and intervention Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, beijing, China, ³Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Imaging(cultivation) , Cardiovascular imaging and intervention Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, beijjing, China

Keywords: Myocardium, MR Value

This preclinical study has established that chronic coronary artery stenosis can induce significant myocyte loss with modest global replacement fibrosis that leads to global LV dysfunction and varying degrees of congestive heart failure.