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Leo L Cheng¹, Anna-Laura M Hasubek¹, and Adam S Feldman^2
1Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, ²Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Prostate, Metabolomics

Currently, Prostate Cancer (PC) diagnosis is achieved either through invasive measures, like biopsies, or imaging techniques, such as sonography, CT, and MRI. The biomarker PSA in blood is used for screening, however its use is considered controversial. It doesn’t show to reduce PC all-cause mortality and PSA screening comes with a high number of false-positive results and associated risks. Here, using HRMAS MRS, we studied human urine samples obtained from prostate cancer patients and healthy controls to reveal potential PC-associated metabolomic changes, which may assist with early and non-invasive PC diagnosis and screening.

Miaomiao Yu¹, Liangjie Lin², Ke Xu¹, Man Xu¹, Jianxin Ren¹, Xiaoyu Niu¹, Xinyu Gao¹, Mengzhe Zhang¹, Zhengui Yang¹, Jinghan Dang¹, Qiuying Tao¹, Shaoqiang Han¹, Weijian Wang¹, Jingliang Cheng¹, and yong zhang^1
1Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, ²Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China

Keywords: fMRI, Metabolism, Hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS)

Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causes many diseases, and reduces the health of smokers in general. Our study aims to explore the changes of aspartate (Asp) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex of patients with nicotine addiction using the J-edited 1H MRS technique. Results showed that the Asp level in medial prefrontal of nicotine addicts is relatively increased, suggesting that the metabolism of aspartate may play a key role in nicotine dependence.

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Guglielmo Genovese¹, Paul E. Croarkin², Can Ozger², and Małgorzata Marjańska^1
1Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ²Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Psychiatric Disorders, Ultra-High Field 7 T, Adolescents, Neuro, Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder in adolescents (MDD) is a substantial public health problem. Existing treatments are often ineffective and do not target relevant neurobiological markers. It has been hypothesized that neurobiological mechanism underlying depression involves a dysfunction of the excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters. Here, the neurochemical profile from the occipital lobe of twenty adolescents with MDD and twenty-four age-matched healthy volunteers (HV) were acquired at 7 T. Larger SDs were observed for some metabolites in MDD versus HV and suggest heterogeneity of depression severity in the MDD cohort. Positive correlation in MDD between aspartate and GABA could be indicative of a neurotransmitter imbalance.  

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Fabian Bschorr¹, Tobias Speidel¹, Niklaus Zoelch^2,3, Andreas Hock⁴, Alireza Abaei⁵, and Volker Rasche^1
1Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany, ²Zurich University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ³Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁴Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland, ⁵Core Facility Small Animal Imaging (CF-SANI), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Cardiovascular

Despite its diagnostic values^1-4, the application of cardiac spectroscopy (CMRS) in clinical routine is generally limited by technical challenges and long scan times. A protocol for CMRS is proposed using metabolite-cycling, local, ECG-triggered shimming, ECG-triggering and a respiratory bellows. The protocol is evaluated in a volunteer cohort and provides myocardial triglyceride content (MTGC) quantification results that correlate well intrasession- (r=0.98, p<0.001) and intersession-wise (r=0.95, p<0.001). Thus, a good repeatibility and technical stability for the quantification of MTGC could be achieved with an average scan time of 440s at 3T.

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Aditya Bhattacharya¹, Benjamin B. Risk², and Candace C. Fleischer^3,4
1Neuroscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States, ²Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, ³Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States, ⁴Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States

Keywords: Spectroscopy, PET/MR

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool for quantifying metabolite concentrations, but spectral quality has not been thoroughly explored in hybrid MRI scanners. Using repeated measurements in a brain phantom and healthy volunteer, we determined the reproducibility and accuracy of MRS data on two systems, a hybrid GE PET-MRI (3.0 T) and Siemens 3.0 T MRI. Spectra acquired using the PET-MRI scanner produced metabolite concentrations with higher accuracy and lower variance across repeated measurements compared to the standalone MRI, suggesting spectral quality is not hindered by the hybrid system.  

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Francesca Branzoli¹, Roberto Liserre², Dinesh Deelchand³, Pietro Luigi Poliani⁴, Franck Bielle⁵, Lucia Nichelli⁶, Marc Sanson^1,7, Stéphane Lehéricy^1,6,8, and Małgorzata Marjańska^3
1Sorbonne University, UMR S1127, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France, ²Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy, ³Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ⁴Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, ⁵Laboratory R Escourolle, University Hospital La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France, ⁶Department of neuroradiology, University Hospital La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France, ⁷Department of neurology 2, University Hospital La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France, ⁸Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), ICM, Paris, France

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Cancer

Mutations in the genes encoding for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and 1p/19q codeletion are genetic alterations that can be often found in low-grade gliomas and are associated with better prognosis and response to treatment. Nevertheless, the biological effects of the 1p/19q codeletion are still not well known.

In this study, we compared the neurochemical profile of IDH-mutated, 1p/19q codeleted gliomas and their non-codeleted counterparts using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We showed that the only metabolite that differed significantly between the two groups was cystathionine, pointing to this metabolite as the most useful biomarker for the identification of 1p/19q codeleted gliomas.
 

 

 

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Liangjie Lin¹, Miaomiao Yu², Ke Xu², Man Xu², Jianxin Ren², Xiaoyu Niu², Xinyu Gao², Mengzhe Zhang², Zhengui Yang², Jinghan Dang², Qiuying Tao², Shaoqiang Han², Weijian Wang², Jingliang Cheng², and yong zhang^2
1Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China, ²Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Metabolism, Hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS)

Smoking can cause cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Our study aims to explore the correlation between neurotransmitter levels in the medial prefrontal cortex of patients with nicotine addiction (NA) using the J-edited 1H MRS technique. Results showed that the N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) level in medial prefrontal of nicotine addicts was significantly correlated with the score of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, suggesting that the metabolism of NAAG may play a key role in nicotine dependence patients.

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Philipp Lazen¹, Sukrit Sharma², Cornelius Cadrien¹, Wolfgang Marik³, Thomas Roetzer-Pejrimovsky⁴, Eva Niess², Lukas Hingerl², Stephan Gruber², Bernhard Strasser², Barbara Kiesel¹, Adelheid Wöhrer⁴, Matthias Preusser⁵, Julia Furtner^3,6, Wolfgang Bogner^2,7, Georg Widhalm¹, Siegfried Trattnig^2,7,8, Karl Rössler^1,7, and Gilbert Hangel^1,2,7
1Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ²High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ³Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ⁴Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ⁵Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ⁶Medical Image Analysis and AI, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria, ⁷Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging Biomarkers, Vienna, Austria, ⁸Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI, Karl Landsteiner Society, St. Pölten, Austria

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Brain

We compared 7T MRSI-derived metabolic ratios with T1 and T2 maps from MR fingerprinting in a cohort of glioma patients by defining hotspots and calculating Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) between them and a segmentation. Notable high DSCs were 0.799 for tCho/NAA vs T2 and 0.753 for Gln/NAA vs T1. We also investigated values for T1, T2, and metabolite ratios in tumors, hotspots, and a control region, with the median relaxation times being T1=1610 ms and T2=79 ms in the tumor, and T1=964 ms and T2=46 ms in NAWM.

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Julie M Joyce^1,2, Kristin Heaton³, Huijun J Liao², and Alexander P Lin^2
1cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, ²Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, ³Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Neuro, Military

The selection of control groups is of increasing interest in military research. Here, we used single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to probe cortical metabolism in the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, temporal lobe and parietal white matter in healthy military service members and civilian controls. Computerized neuropsychological tests were administered to evaluate neurocognitive abilities. We identified higher incidence of cognitive deficits in military service members relative to civilian controls as well as associations between neurometabolite levels and poor cognitive performance.

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Sabina Frese¹, Dominic Gascho², Michael Thali², Sebastian Kozerke¹, and Niklaus Zölch^2,3
1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, ²Institute for Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland, ³University Hospital for Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Spectroscopy

Postmortem, relatively low pH values have been described and reported to be dependent on the cause of death and the duration of the agonal phase. Using 1H-MRS on decedents and subsequent control pH measurements in collected samples, we investigated to what extent the pH dependence of peak positions of acetate and lactate are suitable to detect such low pH values non-invasively. We found that the measured chemical shift of acetate and corresponding pH value follow a simulated titration curve. Hence, acetate is a promising candidate to detect low postmortem brain pH for forensic investigations.

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Dunja Simicic^1,2, Diana Evstafeva³, Filip Ilievski³, Yinyin Bao³, Sunghyun Kang³, Dario Sessa⁴, Stefanita-Octavian Mitrea^1,2, Katarzyna Pierzchala^1,2,5, Jean-Christophe Leroux³, and Cristina Cudalbu^1,2
1CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland, ²Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, ³Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁴Swiss Center for Liver Disease in Children, University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, ⁵Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Brain, Metabolism, Hepatic Encephalopathy, proton

Type C hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder associated with chronic liver disease. Ammonia (partially produced in the gut by bacterial urease activity) has been pinpointed to explain the observed neurological alterations in HE and connected with the increase in brain Gln measured using ¹H-MRS. As such current treatment strategies focus on either reducing ammonia production and absorption or on promoting its elimination. We showed that targeting urease activity using the urease inhibitor 2-octynoHA has a beneficial effect in reducing blood ammonia levels and reducing brain Gln measured using ¹H-MRS at 9.4T in the cerebellum.

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Hideto Kuribayashi¹, Yuta Urushibata¹, Thuy Ha Duy Dinh², Hirohiko Imai³, Sinyeob Ahn⁴, Ravi Teja Seethamraju⁵, Tadashi Isa², and Tomohisa Okada^2
1Siemens Healthcare K.K., Tokyo, Japan, ²Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, ³Kyoto U Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto, Japan, ⁴Siemens Medical Solutions, Berkeley, CA, United States, ⁵Siemens Medical Solutions, Boston, MA, United States

Keywords: Spectroscopy, Neuro, glucose

The ability of conventional ¹H short-TE STEAM spectroscopy at 7T was investigated to quantitate cerebral glucose. Spectra were analyzed using LCModel with the standard 7T STEAM basis set and with that plus macromolecule basis set. With the evaluation of Cramér-Rao lower bounds, the precision of glucose quantification reduced with the macromolecule basis set. Moreover, estimated glucose and taurine concentrations were shown to correlate for both analytical conditions. Thus, the quantification is not improved using the macromolecule basis set and may be more precise via detecting H1-α-glucose, which is free from spectral overlap.

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Samantha McClendon¹, Kyu-Ho Song², Xia Ge², Joseph J.H. Ackerman^2,3,4,5, Joel R. Garbow^2,5, and Scott Beeman^1
1School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States, ²Department of Radiology, Washington University in St.Louis, St.Louis, MO, United States, ³Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St.Louis, St.Louis, MO, United States, ⁴Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St.Louis, St.Louis, MO, United States, ⁵Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St.Louis, St.Louis, MO, United States

Keywords: Deuterium, Tumor, Amino Acid

Glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumors are among the most lethal of all human cancers, with a median survival of ~15 months. Standard-of-care radiologic methods fail to detect infiltrating GBM, which leads to undertreatment. We report a ²H MR method to better resolve/characterize GBM based on its enhanced uptake of branched-chain amino acids (e.g., leucine). We measure relaxation time constants for deuterated leucine in agarose phantoms and show the ability to detect d₁₀-leucine at ~200 mM in a 4x4x4 mm³ voxel in phantoms. Finally, we demonstrated ²H MR measurement of enhanced deuterated leucine uptake in a rodent model of GBM.

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Xin Li¹, Xiao-Hong Zhu¹, Yudu Li^2,3, Hannes M. Wiesner¹, Zhi-Pei Liang^2,4, and Wei Chen^1
1Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ²Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ³National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ⁴Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States

Keywords: Deuterium, Brain

Deuterium MRS imaging (DMRSI) is a promising tool to quantitatively study brain glucose metabolism, but it is challenging to simultaneously achieve high spatial and temporal resolution to capture metabolite dynamics in the human brain. In this study, we applied advanced RF head coil and post-processing techniques to perform high spatiotemporal-resolution (0.7cc nominal voxel and 2.5 min) DMRSI covering entire human brain at 7T with oral administration of deuterated glucose. The results show superior DMRSI sensitivity for mapping and differentiating the TCA cycle activity in grey and white matters. This capability is critical for disease applications including brain tumor.

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Elton Montrazi¹, Qingjia Bao², Ricardo Martinho³, Dana Peters⁴, Talia Harris¹, Keren Sasson¹, Lilach Agemy¹, Avigdor Scherz¹, and Lucio Frydman^1
1Weizmann, Rehovot, Israel, ²Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China, ³University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, ⁴Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States

Keywords: Deuterium, Cancer, MRSI

As DMI is a promising cancer screening approach but is challenged by low sensitivity, this study assesses multiple approaches to increase its SNR. Some of these –apodization, Compressed Sensing Multiplicative (CoSeM), Block-matching/3D filtering (BM3D)– involve image denoising. Others take into account the metabolic kinetics, and include it as dimension to be denoised. This can be achieved by smoothing the kinetic data axis via regularization, or by using subspace-constrained representations to concurrently solve for the 4D spatial/spectral/kinetics set. These methods can be further denoised –e.g., by CoSeM– leading to much clearer observations of lactate generated by in vivo tumor models. 

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Yanning Liu¹, Chathura Kumaragamage¹, Terry W. Nixon¹, Scott McIntyre¹, Henk De Feyter¹, and Robin A. de Graaf^1
1Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

Keywords: Deuterium, Deuterium, DMI

¹H MRSI and DMI can provide crucial metabolic information to facilitate evaluations of  neurological diseases. In this work, we applied interleaved ¹H/²H methodology to achieve time-efficient, parallel ¹H MRSI and DMI acquisition. We first describe the necessary sequence adjustments for both nuclei, including the re-optimization of the VAPOR water suppression scheme and the incorporation of a ²H equilibrium pulse. Phantoms were then used to demonstrate that high quality ¹H MRSI and DMI data can be acquired in parallel. The interleaved ¹H MRSI-DMI sequence is compatible with other interleaved MRI-DMI sequences and can be implemented for a complete MRI-DMI protocol.

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Minghao Zhang*¹, Jabrane Karkouri*¹, Daniel Atkinson¹, and Christopher T. Rodgers^1
1Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Keywords: Deuterium, Deuterium

Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a new way to track brain metabolism. We present initial results from 3 volunteers scanned with a new 18-element ²H + 2-element ¹H array coil on a Siemens 7T Terra scanner. We utilised our array’s high SNR to track metabolism by whole-brain 3D DMI after drinking 6,6’-[²H₂]-glucose (Glc). Signals from HDO, Glc, Glx and Lac were visible over 2hrs at 5min temporal and 6.9mL spatial resolution. We also ran 2.9mL 3D DMI. We achieved HDO SNR of 43 in 13min, which compares favourably published SNR=13 in 10min at 9.4T¹ and ~50 in 28min at 7T.²

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Jabrane Karkouri *¹, Mary McLean *², Minghao Zhang *¹, Joshua D Kaggie², Ashley Grimmer², Alixander Khan², Tomasz Matys², Daniel Atkinson¹, Ferdia Gallagher *², and Christopher Rodgers *^1
1University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, ²Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Keywords: Deuterium, Deuterium

Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a new method to probe brain metabolism. Theory predicts higher SNR at higher field strength, but clinical translation is easier at lower field strength. We undertook ²H MRSI in 3 healthy volunteers at 3T and 7T sequentially. Acquisition was undertaken at baseline and after 11.1g oral D2O consumption. Data quality was acceptable in all scans. SNR was 3x higher at 7T, in agreement with theory. D₂O cerebral uptake rate was similar between field strengths (0.13 min-1 at 3T vs 0.07 min-1 at 7T).

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Xingzheng Pan¹, Emily MacFarlane¹, and Paul Donaldson^1
1Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Keywords: Deuterium, Aging, Human eye

In the absence of a blood supply the lens operates an internal microcirculation to deliver nutrients, remove metabolic wastes, and controll the lens volume, which together to maintain the optical properties of the lens. While this microcirculation is generated by circulating fluxes of ions and water, visualising water flow throughout the whole lens and especially into the central of lens in real time has proven challenging. To address this, we developed and optimised new deuterium oxide (D₂O) MRI protocols to image water flow within multiple organ-cultured bovine lenses that can be routinely performed using 3T clinical MRI.  

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Jiawen Yuan^1,2, Yi Fang¹, Qian Wan¹, Chao Zou^1,3, Xiaoliang Zhang⁴, Xin Liu^1,3, Hairong Zheng^1,3, and Ye Li^1,3
1Lauterbur Imaging Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Acamedy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, ²Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China, ³Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, China, ⁴Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States

Keywords: Deuterium, Deuterium

Deuterium MRS(I) has emerged as a novel metabolic imaging method, which can effectively reflect the increased aerobic glycolysis of tumors. Recently, [2,3,4,6,6-²H₅] glucose has been shown to be a cost-effective deuterium-labeled substrate for studying glycolysis in tumors. However, the effects of different deuterium-labeled substrates on metabolism require further comparison. In this study, we compared the differences between [6,6-²H₂] glucose, [1,2,3,4,5,6,6’-_²H₇] glucose, and [2,3,4,6,6-²H₅] glucose in rat C6 glioma cells.