View Presentation Video

John McClellan France¹, Dalal Khatib¹, Sharuel A. Valbrun¹, William M. Davie¹, Jillian Eichstaedt¹, Vaibhav A. Diwadkar¹, Tanja Jovanovic¹, and Jeffrey Stanley^1
1Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Trauma, Adolescent Development

We investigated changes in glutamate in the dACC in children exposed to childhood trauma during motor control function with and without inhibition as well as with and without stimuli depicting negative affect using 1H fMRS. Independent of motor control with/without inhibition, trauma-exposed children exhibited a significant reduction in dACC glutamate when stimuli of negative affect were present, relative to stimuli without affect. These results provide greater insight on the neurochemistry supporting the influence of negative emotional context on motor control and highlight potential novel biomarkers for risk and resilience to posttraumatic stress.

View Presentation Video

Jiaming Liu¹, Jia-Wen Mo², Xunda Wang^3,4, Ziqi An¹, Shuangyang Zhang¹, Can-Yuan Zhang², Peiwei Yi¹, Alex T. L. Leong^3,4, Jing Ren², Liang-Yu Chen², Ran Mo², Yuanyao Xie¹, Qianjin Feng¹, Wufan Chen¹, Tian-Ming Gao², Ed X. Wu^3,4, Yanqiu Feng^1,2,5,6, and Xiong Cao^2,7
1School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, China, ²Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China, Guangzhou, China, ³Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China, Hong Kong, China, ⁴Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China, Hong Kong, China, ⁵Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, China, ⁶Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, China, ⁷Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China, Guangzhou, China

Keywords: Brain Connectivity, fMRI

Even though brain-wide network-level abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients via resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) exist, the mechanisms underlying such network changes are unknown. Here, we show that the astrocytic calcium deficient mice, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-type-2 receptor knockout mice (Itpr2^-/- mice), display abnormal rsfMRI connectivity (rsFC), which is highly consistent with those of MDD patients. Optogenetic activation of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) astrocytes partially rescues rsFC. Optogenetic activation of the mPFC neurons or mPFC-striatum pathway rescues disrupted rsFC and depressive-like behaviors in Itpr2^-/- mice. Our results identify the previously unknown role of astrocyte dysfunction in driving rsFC abnormalities in depression.

View Presentation Video

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, fMRI (resting state), Depression

The current study investigated the multivariate correlations between resting-state functional network connectivity and symptoms and environmental measures in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) using the sparse canonical correlation analysis. We identified one stable association mode which showed primary correlation of environmental stressors, especially the interpersonal stress, with functional connectivity of networks that support salience processing, reward and sensory processing. Based on this brain-behavior association, we were able to categorize adolescents with MDD into two subgroups and delineate how psychosocial factors contributed to the neurobiological mechanism underlying adolescent depression.

View Presentation Video

Vincent Magnotta¹, Arshaq Saleem², Gail Harmata¹, Shivangi Jain², Michelle W Voss³, Jess G Fiedorowicz⁴, Aislinn Williams³, Joseph J Shaffer⁵, Jenny Gringer Richards³, Ercole John Barsotti³, Leela Sathyaputri³, Samantha L Schmitz⁶, Gary E Christensen³, Jeffrey D Long³, Jia Xu³, and John A Wemmie^3
1Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, ²Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, ³University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, ⁴University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, ⁵University of Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States, ⁶Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, United States

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, fMRI (resting state)

This study used resting state functional connectivity to study connectivity of the cerebellar vermis with the cerebrum in bipolar disorder. 

Ajay Sarawagi^1,2 and Anant Bahadur Patel^1,2
1Department of NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR - Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabd, India, ²Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Spectroscopy, Metabolism, Glutamate, GABA, 13C NMR

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an established treatment for drug-resistant depression. However, the impact of ECT on neurotransmitter pathways is not clear. The cerebral metabolic rates were measured post ECS in mice using ¹H-[¹³C]-NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with intravenous [1,6-¹³C₂]glucose infusion. The concentrations of lactate, alanine, GABA, and choline were increased in the prefrontal cortex post 3.5 min of ECS. The concentrations of alanine-C3 and lactate-C3 increased after 3.5 min of ECS. In contrast, glutamatergic and GABAergic neurometabolic activity was reduced 3.5 min post ECT, and restored in an hour. These data indicate the dominance of glycolysis in the post-ictal period.

View Presentation Video

Jurgen Germann¹, Gavin JB Elias¹, Emily HY Wong¹, Kazuaki Yamamoto², Artur Vetkas¹, Flavia V Gouveia³, Aaron Loh¹, Alexandre Boutet¹, and Andres M Lozano^1
1University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, ²Functional Neurosurgery Center, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Fujisawa, Japan, ³Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating condition, with up to 20% of patients being refractory to medical treatment. For these severe cases, neuromodulatory techniques targeting distinct brain areas have been successful. In this work, we used normative functional connectomics to identify the brain network underlying symptom improvement in OCD. A pan-modality efficacy map identified cortical and subcortical areas as key regions, and this specific network could be used to successfully predict clinical improvement. These results suggest that symptom reduction following neuromodulation involves the engagement of a common functional network that could be investigated as a biomarker of treatment success.

View Presentation Video

Keywords: Brain Connectivity, Psychiatric Disorders

Chronic deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) is an emergent therapy for severe cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however patient response is variable with only 50-60% of patients classified as responders. Toward optimizing therapy for the individual patient and improving overall treatment efficacy, here we used fMRI during ALIC stimulation to evaluate changes in OCD network functional connectivity. In 5 patients, we found that DBS, when in a therapeutic configuration for the patient, may be reducing abnormal hyperconnectivity to improve symptoms, while nontherapeutic configurations may be disrupting fronto-posterior connections causing unwanted symptoms.

View Presentation Video

Dimitrios G. Gkotsoulias¹, Michael Rullmann², Simon Schmitt³, Anna Bujanow¹, Franziska Zientek², Konstantin Messerschmidt², Kirsten Müller-Vahl³, Henryk Barthel², and Harald E. Möller^4
1NMR Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany, ²Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, ³Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, ⁴Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, PET/MR, QSM, 7T, Tourette Syndrome, PET, Dopamine, Receptors, D1

We present interim results of the first combined 7T MRI and [11C]-SCH23390 PET study in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). Dopamine D1-receptor availability is assessed in combination with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM). Our results indicate reduced iron concentrations in subcortical grey matter of GTS patients compared to age- and sex-matched controls, accompanied by reduced D1-receptor binding potential in several regions. Correlations between local iron distribution and D1-receptor binding potential in basal ganglia support the hypothesis that iron homeostasis might play a significant role in dysregulations of the dopaminergic system that eventually lead to the characteristic symptomatology of GTS.

View Presentation Video

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Microstructure

 Sleep has been hypothesized to assist waste clearance from the brain. We aimed to determine whether primary insomnia is associated with glymphatic system dysfunction by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), a potential marker of impaired brain waste clearance. In this study, we found that the DTI-ALPS in patients with primary insomnia was significantly lower than in healthy controls and the DTI-ALPS index was significantly negatively correlated with neuropsychological performance score. The results suggests that DTI-ALPS may be a useful imaging tool for studying glymphatic system function with primary insomnia.

View Presentation Video

Nisha Chauhan¹, S Senthil Kumaran¹, and Himanshu Singh^1
1Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Brain, Stress, Depression, Pre clinical, MRS

Occupational and environmental noise contributes to major public health issues. The chronic high level noise exposure may cause stress and depression and also alterations in Neurometabolites. In-vivo ¹H MRS and Open-Field Test are carried out to elucidate the changes in brain metabolite and its effect on behavior due to chronic noise exposure in a preclinical model. A significant increase in Glutamate and N- Acetylaspartate metabolite was observed in hippocampus which is an important target to study the effects of stress. Reduced total movement time, movement distance and mean velocity were observed in the noise exposed group. 

View Presentation Video

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Quantitative Imaging, Psychiatric disorders, Neuroscience, Multi-Contrast

Many psychiatric conditions lack radiologic markers of disease. In this study, we investigated the utility of quantitative MRI (qMRI) for detecting pathology in the lactational immune activation rat model of schizophrenia and depression. Results show that a logistic regression model can identify the disease with an accuracy of 81% based on a combination of T₁ and T₂, mean diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy values. This finding suggests that multiparametric qMRI is useful for monitoring pathology with an objective quantitative tool that goes beyond structural deformations and improves the sensitivity to microstructural and neurochemical pathology in the lactational immune activation rat model.

View Presentation Video

Pamela Franco^1,2, Cristian Montalba^1,2,3, Raul Caulier-Cisterna^1,2, Marisleydis García^1,2,4, Alonso González^5,6, Juan Undurraga^5,7, Nicolás Crossley^2,5, Cristian Tejos^1,2,4, and Sergio Uribe^1,2,3
1Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, ²Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering - iHEALTH, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, ³Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, ⁴Electrical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, ⁵Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, ⁶School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile, ⁷Pharmacovigilance, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr J. Horwitz Barak, Santiago, Chile

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Quantitative Susceptibility mapping

Several studies have demonstrated altered neurochemicals in deep-brain nuclei of psychosis patients. These alterations suggest a dopamine dysfunction in subcortical areas. QSM images quantify magnetic susceptibility changes in the brain. These changes are usually associated with iron concentrations and co-factor in dopamine pathways of the neurons. We propose a method based on machine learning to discriminate between psychosis patients and healthy controls by looking at the magnetic susceptibility of 9 deep gray matter nuclei, obtaining a precision of 91.6%.

View Presentation Video

Tommaso Pavan^1,2, Yasser Alemán-Gómez^1,2, Raoul Jenni^2,3, Martine Cleusix^2,3, Luis Alameda^2,4, Kim Quang Do Cuenod^2,3, Philippe Conus^2,4, Paul Klauser^2,5, Patric Hagmann^1,2, and Ileana Jelescu^1,2
1Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, ²University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland, ³Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, ⁴General Psychiatry Service, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, ⁵Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience and Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Microstructure, Schizophrenia, Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, Microstructure, Diffusion, White Matter

The great majority of studies in schizophrenia (SCHZ) failed to achieve recognizable spatial patterns of the disease due to its heterogeneity. With this abstract, the authors aim to understand WM microstructure patterns from an individual perspective in early psychosis and SCHZ using advanced diffusion MRI metrics, namely diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), the WM microstructure model White Matter Tract Integrity – Watson (WMTI-W) and normative modelling, a statistical method for studying individual differences as extreme deviations from the normality. Overall, deviations in SCHZ subjects were twice as frequent when compared to EP or CTRL while EP displayed more spatial heterogeneity.

View Presentation Video

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, fMRI (resting state), Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, the pathophysiology of which is unclear. Several studies have shown the involvement of altered brain communication. Several new voxel-level connectivity measures such as radial similarity, radial correlation, inter-hemispheric connectivity and local correlation have enabled a deeper understanding of alterations in communication. Our results reveal the prominent role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia by investigating voxel-level connectivity in resting state fMRI data.

View Presentation Video

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Genetics, Schizophrenia

Cognitive dysfunction is considered to be one of the core symptom dimensions of schizophrenia. To deconstruct the underlying etiological behind cognitive deficits from a more integrated and multidimensional perspective, we established a trans-scale dataset at the level of the individual corresponding to each participant and control, containing blood-sample transcriptome profile, neuroimaging endophenotypes, and cognitive ability. Multivariate correlation analysis and mediation analysis demonstrated that the gene-brain-cognition association2Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Hourth Hospital), Xi'an, China

Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Genetics, Schizophrenia

Cognitive dysfunction is considered to be one of the core symptom dimensions of schizophrenia. To deconstruct the underlying etiological behind cognitive deficits from a more integrated and multidimensional perspective, we established a trans-scale dataset at the level of the individual corresponding to each participant and control, containing blood-sample transcriptome