Caroline Le Ster

Brain temperature is a balance between metabolically generated heat and heat dissipation through perfusion. In this presentation, the general principles of thermoregulation at the body and at the brain levels will be detailed, along with physiologically occurring spatio-temporal fluctuations. 

Kagayaki Kuroda

Keywords: Contrast mechanisms: Thermometry, Physics & Engineering: Interventional, Neuro: Brain

Different levels of techniques and accuracy should be adopted for MR thermometry. Proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift with phase mapping technique is suitable for monitoring brain thermal therapy using laser or high intensity focused ultrasound. For monitoring hypothermia therapy or for detecting ischemia and traumatic brain injury, PRF shift detected spectroscopically with internal reference such as NAA, chorine and creatine may help. However, careful consideration regarding variation of bulk susceptibility, distributions of electrolyte and macromolecules as well as status of pH should be made. The purpose of this lecture is to discuss thermometry techniques and the factors influencing temperature quantification.

J. Thomas Vaughan

Adam Goldman-Yassen

Henrik Odéen

Shunrou Fujiwara, Kuniaki Ogasawara, Takaaki Beppu, Yoshichika Yoshioka

Keywords: Neuro: Brain, Neuro: Cerebrovascular, Neuro: White matter

Brain temperature (BT) had traditionally been discussed whether it may be a simple parameter depending on body (core) temperature or it may regulate the neural activities. Recent reports with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system demonstrated BT was strongly associated with the cerebral perfusion and metabolism in patients with ischemic change. Based on these results, we should refocus and reconsider on BT and the alteration mechanism using MR. Here, we reviewed BT measurement techniques with MR and discussed the pathologic conditions causing BT alteration relating to the cerebral perfusion and metabolism.