Quiz: Dynamic Functional Connectivity, Chang

1) Among the following example hypotheses, which one may be most directly addressed using “dynamic” functional connectivity approaches?

(a) The time-averaged functional connectivity between posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus differs between patients and controls
(b) Patients exhibit more rapid changes in functional connectivity across time compared to controls
(c) Patients exhibit longer path lengths in a complex network analysis compared to controls

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2) Which of the following factors may cause non-neuronal variability in functional connectivity?

(a) Low-frequency changes in a subject’s breathing depth and rate
(b) Use of a short sliding window length, relative to the frequencies present in the fMRI signals
(c) Head movement
(d) All of the above

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3) Which of the following is a motivation for recording EEG and fMRI simultaneously for studies of dynamic brain connectivity?

(a) It has been shown that recording EEG during fMRI completely prevents the subject from sleeping or becoming drowsy in the scanner
(b) fMRI, but not EEG, can provide information about sleep stages
(c) EEG provides electrophysiological information that can indicate certain neural state changes, including sleep

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4) Which of the following are valid considerations regarding the choice of window size for a time-resolved correlation analysis?

(a) Shorter windows may allow for detecting more rapid changes in functional connectivity
(b) Longer windows can help to provide a more reliable estimate of functional connectivity
(c) Variable-length windows, such as obtained using wavelet analysis, may allow for studying cognitive states that unfold over multiple time scales
(d) All of the above

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